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Veterinary Immunology > Lecture 11 - Lymphocytes > Flashcards

Lecture 11 - Lymphocytes Flashcards

1
Q

Lymphocytes are central to

A

adaptive immune system and body defenses

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2
Q

Three major types of lymphocytes

A
  1. B cells
  2. T cells
  3. NL cells
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3
Q

B cells

A

responsible for antibody production

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4
Q

T cells

A

regulate adaptive immunity and are responsible for cell-mediated immune response

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5
Q

NK cells

A

play a role in innate immunity

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6
Q

Lymphocyte cell shape

A

small round cells

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7
Q

Lymphocytes nucleus

A

large, round, stains intensely with hematoxylin

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8
Q

What lymphocytes are bigger

A

NK larger than T or B cells

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9
Q

NK cells may contain obvious

A

cytoplasmic granules

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10
Q

Development of B vs T cells

A

B cells: Bone marrow, bursa, Peyer’s patches
T cells: thymus

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11
Q

Distribution of B vs T cells

A

B cells: lymph node cortex, splenic follicles
T cells: lymph node paracortex, splenic periarteriolar sheath

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12
Q

Antigen receptors of B vs T cells

A

B cells: BCR- immunoglobulin
T cells: TCR- protein heterodimer associated with CD3, CD4, CD8

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13
Q

Important surface antigens of B vs T cells

A

B cells: immunoglobulin
T cells: CD2, CD3, CD4, CD8

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14
Q

Antigens recognized of B vs T cells

A

B cells: free foreign proteins
T cells: processed foreign proeins in MHC

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15
Q

Progeny cells of B vs T cells

A

B cells: plasma cells, memory cells
T cells: effector T cells, memory T cells

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16
Q

Secreted products of B vs T cells

A

B cells: immunoglobulins
T cells: cytokines

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17
Q

Stages in life history of lymphocytes

A

Naive cell->antigen recgonition->activated or effector lymphocyte->proliferation->differentiation->memory lymphocyte

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18
Q

4 key antigen receptors of immune system

A

TCR, MHC I, MHC II, BCR

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19
Q

T cell antigen receptor categories

A

a/B or y/g

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20
Q

a/B T cell accessory molecules

A

CD4 and CD8

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21
Q

CD4 functional subdivision

A

Helper/Regulatory and memory

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22
Q

CD8 functional subdivisions

A

cytotoxic/regulatory and memory

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23
Q

T cell antigen receptors

A

aB and yg

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24
Q

T cell surface receptors

A

CD4 and CD8

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25
Q

aB T cells

A
  1. CD4+ aB T cells
  2. CD8+ aB T cells
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26
Q

T helper cells or CD4+ aB T cells recognize

A

antigen on MHC II

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27
Q

type of T helper cell is defined by

A

cytokines secreted not by surface molecule

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28
Q

Naive TH cells are called

A

TH0 cells

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29
Q

TH0 cells differentiate into

A

TH1, TH2, TH17, Treg

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30
Q

TH0 cell differentiation depends on

A

signals TH0 cells receive from APCs and the local environment

31
Q

TH1 cells secrete

A

IFNy, IL-2

32
Q

TH1 cells are important in protection against

A

some intracellular (viral, Mycobaterium, Salmonella, Listeria, Brucella) and extracellular pathogens

33
Q

TH1 cells secrete cytokines that activate

A

macrophages, meutrophils, NK cells, and CTLs to be better killers

34
Q

TH1 cells secrete cytokines that signal

A

B cells to make opsonizing and complement fixing antibodies for extracellular bacteria or certain viruses

35
Q

TH2 cells secrete

A

IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-13

36
Q

TH2 activate

A

mast cells and eosinophils, and B cells to make IgE

37
Q

TH2 cells provide defense against

A

some parasites and some mucosal pathogens

38
Q

TH2cells are important in

A

IgE mediated allergies

39
Q

TH17 cells secrete

A

IL-17, IL-21, IL-22

40
Q

Th17 attract and activate

A

neutrophils and monocyte, leading to acute inflammation

41
Q

TH17 cells important in

A

response to extracellular bacteria and fungi

42
Q

Treg cells secrete

A

IL-10, IL-35, TGFB

43
Q

Treg supress

A

T cell response by secreting suppresive cytokines

44
Q

Treg help prevent

A

reactions to self-peptides

45
Q

If naive T cell recognizes antigen without any danger signals, it may become

A

Treg

46
Q

In most cases a self antigen would be encountered in the absence of ______. These self-reactive T cells are then induced to become _____ and do not induce an immune response to the self-antigen but ____

A

inflammation; Treg, prevent it

47
Q

Another name for cytotoxic T lymphocytes

A

CTLs/CD8 T cells

48
Q

CD* aB t cells recognize antigen on

A

MHC I

49
Q

What do CD8+ aB T cells do once they encounter antigen

A

clonally expand, differentiate and develop a killing machinery in their cytoplasm, kill cell that has antigen it recognizes bound to an MHC I molecule

50
Q

CD8+ aB T cells

A

important in protection from intracellular microbes that cause the synthesis of foreign proteins in the cytoplasm, such as viruses

51
Q

yG T cells defined by their

A

TCR

52
Q

yG T cells recognize

A

intact, unprocessed antigens; also recognize cell surface ‘stress’ proteins, (recognize protein and non-protein antigens)

53
Q

yG T cells important at

A

mucosal surfaces, many are intraepithelial lymphocytes

54
Q

yG T cells are not as well understood as

A

aB T cells

55
Q

B cells antigen recognition

A

intact, unprocessed molecules

56
Q

B cells response to antigen

A

plasma cells produce antibodies

57
Q

CD4+ TH1 antigen recognition

A

Exogenous peptides, processed and presented in MHC II

58
Q

CD4+ TH2 antigen recognition

A

exogenous peptides, processed and presented on MHC II

59
Q

CD4+ Treg antigen recognition

A

self-peptides on MHC II

59
Q

CD8+ T cytotoxic cells (CTL) antigen recognition

A

endogenous peptides, processed and presented on MHC I

60
Q

yG T cells antigen recognition

A

intact, unprocessed antigens, also ‘stress proteins’

61
Q

CD4+ TH1 response to antigen

A

Secrete cytokines which activate phagocytes, NK, CTLs to fight intravesicular pathogens, influence B cells to make antibody for extracellular pathogens

62
Q

CD4+ TH2 response to antigen

A

Secrete cytokines which help antibody production, especially IgE, to fight parasites and cause allergies

63
Q

CD4+ TH17 response to antigen

A

Secrete cytokines that stimulate production of neutrophil chemokines by cells at the site of infection

64
Q

CD4+ T reg response to antigen

A

Secrete suppressive cytokines or suppress T cell responses by cell-cell contact

65
Q

CD8+ T cytotoxic cells (CTL) response to antigen

A

Cytotoxic for cell synthesizing foreign proteins

66
Q

yG T cells response to antigen

A

Secrete cytokines and/or cytotoxic for cells with abnormal surface antigens, stress markers, heat shock proteins

67
Q

NK cells are NOT ___ and have NO ____

A
  1. antigen specific
  2. surface immunoglobulin (CD3, CD4, CD8)
68
Q

NK cells activated by

A

IFNy, TNF, IL-2

69
Q

NK cells cytotoxic for cells that

A

do not express normal MHC I molecules with normal peptides, or cells that express stress proteins

70
Q

3 major receptors of NK cells

A
  1. Ly49
  2. NKG2D
  3. CD16
71
Q

Lymphocytes all look the same byt can be differentiated by

A

characterisitic cell surface molecules

72
Q

cell surface molecules are classified by the

A

CD (cluster of differentiation) system

Veterinary Immunology (20 decks)

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