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Veterinary Immunology > Lecture 1 - Introduction to Immunology > Flashcards

Lecture 1 - Introduction to Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

Which immunity has no memory?

A

innate

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2
Q

Which immunity has memory?

A

adaptive

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3
Q

Which immunity is non-specific?

A

innate

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4
Q

Which immunity is specific?

A

adaptive

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5
Q

Which immunity is rapid?

A

innate

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6
Q

Which immunity is slow?

A

adaptive

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7
Q

The body’s defenses is a complex interacting network of ______

A

biochemical and cellular reactions

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8
Q

Which immunity recognizes PAMPs and DAMPs

A

innate

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9
Q

Which immunity leads to inflammation

A

innate

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10
Q

Which immunity depends on antigen capture and processing

A

adaptive

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11
Q

Which immunity relies on T/B cell activation

A

adaptive

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12
Q

List the basic steps of innate immunity

A

microbial invasion->recognition of PAMPs and DAMPs->inflammation->pathogen elimination

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13
Q

List the basic steps of adaptive immunity

A

microbial invasion->antigen capture and processing->T/B cell activation->pathogen elimination and immunology memory

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14
Q

Which is the first line of defense and which is the backup?

A

innate; adaptive

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15
Q

What is tolerance in regards to adaptive defense?

A

B cells/T cells don’t react to self antigens

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16
Q

Which immunity can enhance the other?

A

adaptive enhances innate

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17
Q

List the 5 components of the innate immune system?

A
  1. Physical/chemical barriers
  2. phagocytic and sentinel cells
  3. Complement system
  4. Innate defense cytokines
  5. Natural killer cells
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18
Q

List the 2 basic components of adaptive defense.

A
  1. humoral immunity (antibodies)
  2. cell mediated immunity
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19
Q

List the 4 physical/chemical barriers of the innate immune system

A
  1. epithelial barriers (skin, mucus membranes)
  2. normal microflora- natural competition for space and resources
  3. Acid environment in stomach
  4. antimicrobial peptides
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20
Q

What do phagocytic cells do?

A

ingest and kill pathogens

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21
Q

List 2 examples of phagocytic cells

A

neutrophils and macrophages

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22
Q

What do sentinel cells do

A

resident tissue cells that detect invasion by recognizing PAMPs and DAMPs

23
Q

List 3 examples of sentinel cells

A

dendritic cells, macrophages, mast cells

24
Q

What is the complement system in innate defense

A

Enzyme cascade system of 20-30 proteins in blood plasma with antimicrobial activity

25
Q

What is the downside of the complement system

A

potent; harmful if not regulated

26
Q

What are the advantages of the complement system

A

rapidly induced after invasion, mutliple mechanisms for controlling infection

27
Q

What are cytokines

A

protein messenger molecules that can act on other cells or the cell that produced it

28
Q

What are teh 3 types of innate defense cytokines

A
  1. proinflammatory cytokines
  2. chemokines
  3. interferons
29
Q

What are proinflammatory cytokines

A

secreted by sentinel cells in response to PAMPs and DAMPs

30
Q

What do proinflammatory cytokines cause

A

fever, lethargy, loss of appetite

31
Q

What are the 3 examples of proinflammatory cytokines

A

IL-1, IL-6, TNF

32
Q

What are chemokines

A

cause cells to migrate to sites of infection, some are produced by sentinel cells

33
Q

What are interferons

A

interferes with replication of some viruses

34
Q

What cells produce interferons

A

virally infected cells

35
Q

What are NK cells

A

lympcyte that is part of innate immunity

36
Q

What do NK cells kill

A

virus infected cells and tumor cells

37
Q

How do NK cells determine which cells to kill

A

recognize and kill cells that do not express normal proteins

38
Q

What is humoral immunity

A

antibodies

39
Q

What are the 3 components of cell mediated immunity

A
  1. T-helper cells
  2. cytotoxic T cells
  3. Gamma delta T cells
40
Q

How did humoral immunity get its name

A

transfer of body ‘humors’ from protected animal to naive animal could provide protection

41
Q

what cells produce antibodies

A

B cells or B lymphocytes

42
Q

What is another name for antibody

A

immunoglobulun

43
Q

Examples of immunoglobulin

A

IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE

44
Q

How did cell mediated immunity (CMI) get its name

A

transfer of cells from protected animal to naive animal could provide protection

45
Q

How are T cells divied in CMI

A

based on T cell receptors

46
Q

What are the 2 types of T cells in CMI

A
  1. alpha-beta T cells
  2. gamma delta T cells
47
Q

What are examples of alpha beta T cells

A
  1. T helper cells
  2. cytotoxic T cells
48
Q

2 major types of cells in adaptive immunity

A

B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes

49
Q

What are the cells in adaptive defense that recognize antigens?

A

antigen-presenting cells

50
Q

To what cells do APCs present antigens?`

A

MSCs

51
Q

What are 3 types of APCs

A
  1. dendritic cells
  2. Macrophages
  3. B-cells
52
Q

What does immunulogic memory mean in adaptive defense

A

adaptive immune system remembers specific antigen and produces and stronger immune response the second time

53
Q

Why is tolerance in adaptive immune system important

A

Protecting self from immune system- makes sure immune cells don’t recognize own proteins

Veterinary Immunology (20 decks)

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