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Veterinary Immunology > Lecture 12 - Helper T cells and their response to antigen > Flashcards

Lecture 12 - Helper T cells and their response to antigen Flashcards

1
Q

Structure of TCR

A

a and B chain form antigen binding groove, there are 2 extracellular domains, a transmembrnae domain, and a cytoplasmic domain

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2
Q

How to tell if TCR complex is Th or T cytotoxic

A

TH binds with CD4 and T cytotoxic has CD8

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3
Q

How does T cell-APC interaction result in activation

A

TCR-MHCII binding activates CD 154, activates, CD28, increases IL-2

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4
Q

How does T cell-APC interaction result in inactivation

A
  1. CD154 binds to CD40, Activates CD80/86 (prev. bound to CD28) and it binds to CD152 which inactivates.
  2. IDO destroys tryptophan, terminates T cell response
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5
Q

What is the role of costimulation in T cell activation

A

increased expression of costimulators activate APCs and result in T cell proliferation and differentiation

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6
Q

CD4+ aB T cells are called

A

T helper cells

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7
Q

CD4+ aB T cells recognize antigens displayed on

A

MHC II

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8
Q

Naive Th cells differentiate into

A

TH1, TH2, TH17, and T reg

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9
Q

What dictates what naive T helper cells will differentiate into

A

signals naive TH cells receive from APCs and the local environment

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10
Q

What is the most important signal for differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells and what is it determined by

A

cytokines produced by; determined by nature of infection

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11
Q

Each effector T cell subset produces cytokines that …

A

amplify itself and inhibit the other subsets

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12
Q

Differentiation of each subset is associated with the _____

A

activation of TF that stimulate production of various cytokines

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13
Q

What cytokines help stimulate production of TH1

A

IL-12, IFN-y

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14
Q

What cytokines help produce TH2 cells

A

IL-4

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15
Q

What infection stimulates production of TH1 cells

A

intracellular microbes

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16
Q

What infection stimulates production of TH2 cells

A

helminths

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17
Q

What infection stimulates the production of TH17 cells

A

extracellular fungi, bacteria

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18
Q

Th-polarizing cytokines for Th1

A

IL-12, IFN-y

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19
Q

Th-polarizing cytokines for Th2

A

IL-4, IL-33, TSLP

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20
Q

Th-polarizing cytokines for TH17

A

IL-6, IL-23, TGFB

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21
Q

Th-polarizing cytokines for Treg

A

IL-10, TGF-B

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22
Q

TF for Th1

A

T-bet

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23
Q

TF for Th2

A

GATA3

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24
Q

TF for Th17

A

ROR-yt

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25
Q

TF for Treg

26
Q

Efffector cytokines for Th1

A

IL-2, IFN-y, TNF-a, GM-CSF, IL-3

27
Q

Effector cytokines for Th2

A

IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-13, TNF-a, GM-CSF, IL-3

28
Q

2 main cytokines produced by Th1

A

IL-2, IFN-y

29
Q

Function of IL-2

A

activate T cells, B cells, NK cells, and macrophages

30
Q

Functions of IFN-y

A
  1. Inhibits Th2 cells
  2. Stimulates Th1 cells
  3. Activates NK cells
  4. Activates macrophages
31
Q

IFN-y is ANTI-___

32
Q

What 3 cells produce IFN-y

A

Th-1, NK, CD8 T cells

33
Q

Function of TH1 cells

A

classical macrophage activation (enhanced microbial killing)

34
Q

Response of macrophages after activation by Th1 cells

A
  1. killing of phagocytosed bacteria
  2. secretion of cytokines (TNF, IL-1, IL-12, chemokines)
  3. Increased expression of MHC and costimulators (B7 molecules)
35
Q

4 cytokines produced by Th2 ells

A

IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-13

36
Q

Function of IL-4

A
  1. Stimulates B cell growth/differentiation
  2. Activates mast cells
  3. Activates macrophages
  4. Suppresses Th1 activation (blocks IFN-y/IL-2)
  5. Suppresses Th17 cells
37
Q

Function of IL-13

A
  1. Stimulates B cell growth
  2. Suppresses macrophage function
38
Q

Function of IL-5

A
  1. Stimulates B cell growth
  2. Mobilizes and activates eosinophils
39
Q

Function of IL-9

A

T cell growth factor

40
Q

5 Functions of Th2 cells

A
  1. Antibody production
  2. Alternate macrophage activation (enhanced fibrosis/tissue repair)
  3. mast cell degranulation
  4. intestinal mucus secretion and peristalsis
  5. eosinophil activation
41
Q

3 functions of Th17 cells

A
  1. inflammation, neutrophil response
  2. Antimicrobial peptides
  3. Increased barrier integrity
42
Q

Th1 DEFINING cytokines

43
Q

Th2 DEFINING cytokines

A

IL-4, IL-5, IL-13

44
Q

Th17 DEFINING cytokines

A

IL-17, IL-22

45
Q

Th1 target cells

A

macrophages

46
Q

Th2 target cells

A

eosinophils

47
Q

Th17 target cells

A

neutrophils

48
Q

What are γδ high species

A

ruminants and pigs

49
Q

What are γδ low species

A

Humans and mice

50
Q

Innate/Adaptive areas for γδ high species

A

skin, mammary glands, intestine, blood

51
Q

Innate areas for γδ low species

A

skin, genital tract

52
Q

Adaptive areas for γδ low species

A

secondary lymphoid organs

53
Q

γδ low species innate immunity leads to

A

PAMPs, lipids, MHC

54
Q

γδ low species adaptive immunity leads to

A

Th1 (IFNy) and Th2 (IL-4)

55
Q

γδ high species innate immunity leads to

A

WC1+ -> antimicrobial, regulatory, multiple subsets

56
Q

γδ high species adaptive immunity leads to

A

WC1- ->IL-12, IFNy->Th1-like

57
Q

The antigen-binding chains of the TCR connect to a complex signal transducing component called

58
Q

TH1 cells are stimulated by ___ and secrete ___ in response. They generally promote _______ responses

A
  1. IL-12
  2. IFNy
  3. cell-mediated
59
Q

TH2 cells secrete ____ and promote _____ responses

A
  1. IL-4, IL-13, IL-10
  2. antibody
60
Q

Th17 development is stimulated by ___, they secrete ___, and promote ____

A
  1. IL-6, TGF-B, and IL-23
  2. IL-17
  3. neutrophil-mediated inflammation
61
Q

Where are γ/δ Helper T cells confined to in humans

A

intestinal wall

62
Q

What are the predominant circulating T cells in young ruminants and pigs

A

γ/δ Helper T cells

Veterinary Immunology (20 decks)

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