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Veterinary Immunology > Lecture 14 - Structure and Function of Antibodies > Flashcards

Lecture 14 - Structure and Function of Antibodies Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the structure of an antibody

A

(Variable domain side by side->constant domain side by side->hinge region->constant domain one on top of another) x 2

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2
Q

What is the heavy chain of an antibody

A

Inner half (variable domain->constant->hinge region->2 constant domains stacked)

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3
Q

What is the light chain of an antibody

A

outer part (variable domain->constant domain)

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4
Q

Five isotypes or classes of antibodies

A
  1. IgG
  2. IgM
  3. IgD
  4. IgE
  5. IgA
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5
Q

Where is the antigen binding site of an antibody

A

between the 2 variable domains on either side of an antibody

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6
Q

Where is the Fab region on an antibody

A

Diagonal piece at top

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7
Q

Where is the Fc region on an antibody

A

vertical piece at bottom

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8
Q

How many polypoeptide chains do an antibody have

A

2 heavy chains and 2 light chains

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9
Q

What are the different types of heavy chains

A

mu, delta, gamma, epsilon, alpha

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10
Q

What do the heavy chains determine

A

the isotype of antibody

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11
Q

Each molecule of the 2 identical light chains have either a ___ or ___

A

lambda or kappa (all five classes of antibodies use both kappa and lambda light chains)

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12
Q

What hold the chains together and are also important in the structure of the domain loops

A

disulfide bonds

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13
Q

What are domains

A

repeating homologous units that compose chains; composed of about 110 AA that fold into loops and held by a disulfide bond

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14
Q

What is Fab (fragment antigen binding)

A

antigen binding end of the molecule, consists of the Vh, Ch1, VL, and CL domains

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15
Q

What is the Fc (fragment crystallizable)

A

tail of the molecule, consists of CH2 and beyond

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16
Q

What does Fc dictate

A

complement fixation, opsonization, binding of mast cells

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17
Q

What is the antigen binding site

A

-consists of VH and VL domains
-binds to the epitope on the antigen

18
Q

What are within the antigen binding site VH and VL domains

A

hypervariable regions (CDRs)

19
Q

Antigen

A

stimulates an immune response

20
Q

Epitope

A

part of antigen that the antibody binds to; an antigen can have many epitopes

21
Q

Properties of antigen-antibody binding

A
  1. non-covalent
  2. electrostatic, H bonds, Van der Waals forces, hydrophobic bonds
  3. reversible
  4. goes to equilibrium
  5. rapid
22
Q

Structure of IgG

A

four heavy chain domains

23
Q

Where is IgG found

A

blood stream and interstitital fluids; high conc in colostrum of large domestic species

24
Q

How much of total serum antibody does IgG make up

A

80% with half life of three weeks

25
Q

Important functions of IgG

A

-complement activation
-neutralization of viruses and toxins
-opsonization
-systemic immunity in newborn
-antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity

26
Q

Structure of IgM

A

pentamer, heavy chain has 5 domains, held together by disulfide bonsd and J chain

27
Q

How many identical epitopes can IgM bind

A

10

28
Q

Where is IgM found

A

blood stream

29
Q

What is the first class of antibody produced in primary response

A

IgM

30
Q

Functions of IgM

A
  1. complement activation
  2. agglutination
31
Q

Relative amounts of IgM and IgG produced during the primary and secondary immune response

A

IgM predominates in primary immune response, IgG predominates in a later response

32
Q

Structure of IgA

A

4 heavy chain domains held togehter by a J chain

33
Q

Where is IgA found

A

-mucosal surfaces
-secretory component added to molecule as it is transported to the mucosal surface
-mother’s milk

34
Q

Functions of IgA

A

-neutralize toxins and block entry of pathogens on mucosal surfaces
-found in mother’s milk and helps provide intestinal immunity to neonate

35
Q

IgE structure

A

-five domains in heavy chain, lot of polysaccharide attached to heavy chain
-Fc portion has high affinity for the Fc receptor on mast cell

36
Q

What happens when binding of antigen to the IgE on mast cell

A

mast cell degranulation

37
Q

What can IgE activate also

A

eosinophils

38
Q

Where is most IgE found

A

mast cells, concentration in plasma is low

39
Q

functions of IgE

A
  1. important in defense against helminthic parasites
  2. Mediator of immediate hypersensitivity
40
Q

Where is IgD found

A

B cell surfaces

41
Q

IgD function

A
  1. regulatory
  2. B cell development

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