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Botany > Lecture 7 > Flashcards

Lecture 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What are structural adaptions

A

The way some part of the plant is built

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2
Q

What are behavioural adaptions

A

The way some part of the plant acts

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3
Q

Example of spines

A

•Fouquieria splendens
(ocotillo)
•Pereskia grandifolia
(rose cactus)

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4
Q

Example of reduced leaves

A

Butcher’s broom (Ruscus aculeatus) Reduced leaf and flower but not berry
Cacti

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5
Q

Example of Poisons/Toxins

A

•Atropa belladonna
(deadly nightshade) Tropane alkaloids
•Conium maculatum
(poison hemlock) Alkaloid - coniine
•Solanum tuberosum (potato) Glycoalkaloids
•Rheum rhaponticum
(rhubarb) Oxalic acid
•Nerine oleander Glycosides, Saponins

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6
Q

Example of succulent leaves

A

•Jade/money plant (Crassula ovata)
•Kalanchoe sp.
•Aloe Vera

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7
Q

Example of a leaf tendril

A

Blue passionflower (Passiflora caerulea)

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8
Q

Example of a leaf tendril with pads

A

Scarlet trumpet vine (Distictis buccinatoria)

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9
Q

Example of storage leaves - bulbs

A

•Onion (Allium cepa)
•Tulip (Tulipa sp.)
•Daffodil (Narcissus sp.)

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10
Q

Example of Carnivorous leaves

A

•Venus fly trap (Dionaea muscipula)
•Pitcher plants (Nepenthes spp.)
•Waterwheel plant(Aldrovanda vesiculosa)

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11
Q

Name the types of plant modifications in the leaf

A

Spine
Poison
Reduced leaf
Succulence
Leaf tendril
Storage leaf (bulb) Carnivory
Petal
Sepal (e.g. tulip)

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12
Q

Name the types of plant modifications in the stem

A

Thorns
Succulent stem
Corm
Rhizome
Stem tendril
Stem tuber
Stolon

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13
Q

Example of Stem Thorns and Prickles

A

Acacia spp. (thorn trees) have thorns

Roses have prickles

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14
Q

Example of Succulent stems

A

Moringa ovalifolia

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15
Q

Example of a swollen stem

A

Corm

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16
Q

Example of an underground stem

A

Rhizome

17
Q

Example of Stolons/Runners - overground stem

A

•Spider plant (Chlorophytum comosum) •Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa)

18
Q

Example of twinning stem tendril

A

Cucurbit family (pumpkin, courgette (zucchini), squash)

19
Q

Name the type of plant modifications in the root

A

•Storage root
•Root tuber
•Prop root
•Pneumatophore
•Aerial root
•Epiphyte

20
Q

Example of Root tubers

A

•Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)
•Cassava(Manihot esculenta)
•Dahlia sp.

21
Q

Example of storage roots

A

•Carrot (Dacus carota)
•Beet(Beta vulgaris)
•Parsnip(Pastinaca sativa)

22
Q

Example of support roots -adventitious

A

•Maize (Zea mays)
Stilt roots from lower part of stem

•Banyan tree (Ficus benghalensis) Prop roots from aerial branches

23
Q

Example of Pneumatophores

A

•Mangrove pneumatophores (respiratory roots)
•Swamp or bald cypress (Taxodium distichum)
•pneumatophores (respiratory roots)

24
Q

Example of Aerial roots - Aerophytes /Epiphytes

A

•Spanish moss (Tillandsia usneoides)

•Epiphytes include moss, liverwort, lichen, alga, fern, cactus, orchid and bromeliads

25
Q

What is pollination in plant modifications - reproduction

A

The convolution of plants and insects

26
Q

What is the coevolution for pollination

A

•Flowers
•Insects
•Birds

27
Q

Are flowers modified leaves or stems

A

Modified leaves

28
Q

What is the largest unbranched inflorescence in the world

A

Amorphophallus titanum
Titan arum

29
Q

Write a short note on the Amorphophallus titanum
Titan arum

A

Has developed the odour of rotting animals to attract pollinators which are beetles and flesh flies

30
Q

Example of flowers

A

Bee orchid
Ophrys apifera
Mimicry

31
Q

Example of a Glider seed - wind

A

Asian climbing gourd (Alsomitra macrocarpa)

32
Q

Example of Spinner seed - wind

A

•Diptocarpus alatus
•D. obtusifolius
•Gluta usitata

33
Q

Example of a parachute seed - wind

A

Dandelion (Taraxacum sp.)

34
Q

Name the large tumbleweed in California

A

Salsola tragus

35
Q

Write a short note on tumbleweeds

A

Tumbleweeds are pushed along by the wind, scattering thousands of seeds as they roll across open land.

36
Q

Example of Hooks seed -Animal dispersal

A

Burdock (Arctium sp.)
In Burdock they are known as burrs

Botany (21 decks)

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