Lecture 3 Flashcards
Define systematics
study of diversification of living organisms and their relationships
Define Classification
deciding what the taxa are (how they might be related)
Define Taxonomy
arrangement into taxonomic groups according to observed similarities
Define Nomenclature
naming of things; applying names to taxonomic groups
Define Phylogeny
evolutionary development and diversification of a species or group of organisms
How many years ago was the origin of seed plants
About 360 million years ago
How many years ago was the origin of vascular plants
About 420 million years ago
How many years ago was the origin of land plants
About 475 million years ago
Name the closest living relative to land plants
Green algae
How many dried and documented plant specimens stored in Ireland National Hebarium at NBG Glasnevin
C.660,000
How many samples of plant products including fruits , seeds , wood , fibres and plant extracts stored in Irelands National Hebarium aT NBG Glasnevin
20,000
How do we identify unknown plants
Using a Floral key
How does a dichotomous key work
Only 2 choices
Each alternative leads to another question until the item is finally identified
Give the scientific classification of Phylum
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
KEEP POTS CLEAN OR FAMILY GETS SICK
Give the scientific classification of Division
Kingdom
Division
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
KANGAROO DANCES CRAZILY ON FAMILY GAME SHOW
what does the word division end in
Phyta
What does the word class end in
Opsida
What does the word order end in
Ales
What the does word family end in
Aceae
What do the words genus and species end in
Varies
Name the type of vascular plant divisions
Sporophyta(SPORES) Spermophyta(SEEDS)
Pteridophyta (FERNS)
Cycadophyta(CYCADS)
Coniferophyta(CONIFERS)
Magnoliophyta(FLOWERING PLANTS)
What are the two main plants classes of Spermatophyta(SEEDS)
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
What are Gymnosperms
Woody non flowering plants
Known as “naked seed”
What are angiosperms
Woody and herbaceous flowering plants
Known as “enclosed seed”
Example of gymnosperms
Cycads
Conifers
Example of angiosperms
Oak trees
Roses
Name the plant subclasses of angiosperms
Monocots (1 SEED LEAF)
Dicots (2 SEED LEAF)
What do genus and specific epithet together form
A species
Is the Genus or Specific epithet always capitalised
Genus
When writing names in Latin how should they be presented when typed
Italicised
When writing names in Latin how should they be presented when written
Underline each word separately
What is a Variety
A subdivision of a species that has a difference
What is a Cultivar
plants selected for desirable
characteristics maintained by propagation
What is the Latin name for foxglove
Digitalis purpurea
Give the different name of Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea)
English - foxglove
Irish - lus mór (big herb)
French - gantelée (little glove)
Welsh - maneg ellyllon (fairies’ glove) German - fingerhut (thimble) Scotland - witches’ thimbles
What is the Latin name for Corn
Triticum aestivum
Give the different names of Corn (Triticum aestivum)
In Scotland, it meant rye (Secale cereale) or barley (Hordeum vulgare)
In Ireland it was oats (Avena sativa) or barley (Hordeum vulgare)
In America, it meant maize (Zea mays)
Now generally taken to mean maize
Outline the differences between monocots and dicots
Monocots
• 1 seed leaf
• Parallel venation
• Floral parts in 3 or multiples of 3
• Fibrous roots
• Vascular tissue arranged sporadically in the stem
Dicots
• 2 seed leaves
• Net (reticulate) venation
• Floral parts in 4 or 5 or multiples of 4 or 5
• Tap roots
• Vascular tissue arranged in a ring in the stem
Why is it important to known if a plant is a monocot or dicot
Herbicides react differently with different kinds of plants
If you spray a herbicide designed for a monocot onto a dicot weed what will happen
It will not kill
If you spray a herbicide for a dicot onto a monocot what will happen
It will kill the crop
