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Botany > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Define systematics

A

study of diversification of living organisms and their relationships

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2
Q

Define Classification

A

deciding what the taxa are (how they might be related)

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3
Q

Define Taxonomy

A

arrangement into taxonomic groups according to observed similarities

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4
Q

Define Nomenclature

A

naming of things; applying names to taxonomic groups

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5
Q

Define Phylogeny

A

evolutionary development and diversification of a species or group of organisms

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6
Q

How many years ago was the origin of seed plants

A

About 360 million years ago

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7
Q

How many years ago was the origin of vascular plants

A

About 420 million years ago

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8
Q

How many years ago was the origin of land plants

A

About 475 million years ago

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9
Q

Name the closest living relative to land plants

A

Green algae

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10
Q

How many dried and documented plant specimens stored in Ireland National Hebarium at NBG Glasnevin

A

C.660,000

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11
Q

How many samples of plant products including fruits , seeds , wood , fibres and plant extracts stored in Irelands National Hebarium aT NBG Glasnevin

A

20,000

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12
Q

How do we identify unknown plants

A

Using a Floral key

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13
Q

How does a dichotomous key work

A

Only 2 choices
Each alternative leads to another question until the item is finally identified

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14
Q

Give the scientific classification of Phylum

A

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
KEEP POTS CLEAN OR FAMILY GETS SICK

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15
Q

Give the scientific classification of Division

A

Kingdom
Division
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
KANGAROO DANCES CRAZILY ON FAMILY GAME SHOW

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16
Q

what does the word division end in

A

Phyta

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17
Q

What does the word class end in

A

Opsida

18
Q

What does the word order end in

A

Ales

19
Q

What the does word family end in

A

Aceae

20
Q

What do the words genus and species end in

A

Varies

21
Q

Name the type of vascular plant divisions

A

Sporophyta(SPORES) Spermophyta(SEEDS)

Pteridophyta (FERNS)
Cycadophyta(CYCADS)

Coniferophyta(CONIFERS)
Magnoliophyta(FLOWERING PLANTS)

22
Q

What are the two main plants classes of Spermatophyta(SEEDS)

A

Gymnosperms
Angiosperms

23
Q

What are Gymnosperms

A

Woody non flowering plants
Known as “naked seed”

24
Q

What are angiosperms

A

Woody and herbaceous flowering plants
Known as “enclosed seed”

25
Q

Example of gymnosperms

A

Cycads
Conifers

26
Q

Example of angiosperms

A

Oak trees
Roses

27
Q

Name the plant subclasses of angiosperms

A

Monocots (1 SEED LEAF)
Dicots (2 SEED LEAF)

28
Q

What do genus and specific epithet together form

A

A species

29
Q

Is the Genus or Specific epithet always capitalised

A

Genus

30
Q

When writing names in Latin how should they be presented when typed

A

Italicised

31
Q

When writing names in Latin how should they be presented when written

A

Underline each word separately

32
Q

What is a Variety

A

A subdivision of a species that has a difference

33
Q

What is a Cultivar

A

plants selected for desirable
characteristics maintained by propagation

34
Q

What is the Latin name for foxglove

A

Digitalis purpurea

35
Q

Give the different name of Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea)

A

English - foxglove
Irish - lus mór (big herb)
French - gantelée (little glove)
Welsh - maneg ellyllon (fairies’ glove) German - fingerhut (thimble) Scotland - witches’ thimbles

36
Q

What is the Latin name for Corn

A

Triticum aestivum

37
Q

Give the different names of Corn (Triticum aestivum)

A

In Scotland, it meant rye (Secale cereale) or barley (Hordeum vulgare)
In Ireland it was oats (Avena sativa) or barley (Hordeum vulgare)
In America, it meant maize (Zea mays)
Now generally taken to mean maize

38
Q

Outline the differences between monocots and dicots

A

Monocots
• 1 seed leaf
• Parallel venation
• Floral parts in 3 or multiples of 3
• Fibrous roots
• Vascular tissue arranged sporadically in the stem

Dicots
• 2 seed leaves
• Net (reticulate) venation
• Floral parts in 4 or 5 or multiples of 4 or 5
• Tap roots
• Vascular tissue arranged in a ring in the stem

39
Q

Why is it important to known if a plant is a monocot or dicot

A

Herbicides react differently with different kinds of plants

40
Q

If you spray a herbicide designed for a monocot onto a dicot weed what will happen

A

It will not kill

41
Q

If you spray a herbicide for a dicot onto a monocot what will happen

A

It will kill the crop

Botany (21 decks)

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