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Botany > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Define plant family

A

a plant family is a group of genera (singular: genus) that share similar characteristics

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2
Q

Name the four major plant groups and give examples (Phylum)

A

• Flowering plants (angiosperms) (vascular)
• Conifers, cycads and allies (gymnosperms) (vascular) • Ferns and fern allies (pteridophytes) (vascular)
• Mosses and liverworts (bryophytes) (non-vascular)

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3
Q

What is the defining feature of Daisy family

A

All members of the daisy family (Asteraceae) have composite flowers (i.e. many individual flowers) that look like a daisy.

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4
Q

What is the Cabbage family called

A

Brassicaceae

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5
Q

Before the cabbage family was called Brassicaceae what was the previous name of the family

A

Cruciferae

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6
Q

How many plant genera in Brassicaceae family

A

372 plant genera

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7
Q

What shape are flowers in Brassicaceae family

A

Comprise 4 petals in a cross (CRUCIFORM) shape

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8
Q

Name the terminal bud in Brassicaceae family

A

Cabbage

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9
Q

Name the lateral bud in Brassicaceae family

A

Brussel sprouts

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10
Q

Name the stem in Brassicaceae family

A

Kohlrabi

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11
Q

Name the leaf in Brassicaceae family

A

Kale

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12
Q

Name the stem and flowers in Brassicaceae family

A

Broccoli

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13
Q

Name the flower cluster in Brassicaceae family

A

Cauliflower

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14
Q

Name the Brassica common annual weed of arable land

A

Sinapsis arvensis (charlock)

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15
Q

Name the Annual or Biennial Brassica weed of moist areas

A

Cardamine hirsuta (hairy bitter cress)

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16
Q

Name the annual brassica weed of waste places , arable , market-garden crops

A

Capsella bursa-pastoris (shepherd’s purse)

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17
Q

What is Goosefoot family called

A

Amaranthaceae

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18
Q

What was the Goosefoot family called before being called Amaranthaceae

A

Chenopodiaceae

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19
Q

How many plant genera in Amaranthacea

A

178 plant genera

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20
Q

Describe members of the Amaranthacea family

A

Have tiny greenish flowers
Have sepals but no petals
Flowers densely clustered on spikes

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21
Q

Examples of Amaranthacea crops

A

• Beta vulgaris (sugar & fodder beets, mangels)
• Spinacea oleracea (spinach)
• Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa)

22
Q

Example of Amaranthaceae weeds

A

• Chenopodium album (fat hen/goosefoot)
• Atriplex patula (common/spreading orache)

23
Q

What is the legume family called

A

Fabaceae

24
Q

What was legume family called before it was called Fabaceae

A

Leguminosae

25
Q

How many plant genera in Fabaceae family

A

946 plant genera

26
Q

What is the Fabaceae family often known as

A

Pea/Bean family

27
Q

What is Fabaceae family important for

A

Fixing nitrogen gas from the air

28
Q

Describe members of Fabaceae family

A

Have irregular flowers with 5 petals (standard at back, 2 wings at the side and a keel made up of the 2 lower petals)
Fruit is a pod that splits down both margins

29
Q

Example of Fabaceae weeds

A

• Vicia hirsuta (hairy vetch)
• Ulex europaeus (gorse, furze, whin) • Cytisus scoparius (broom)

30
Q

How many plant genera in Rosaceae family

A

104 plant genera

31
Q

Give example of Rosaceae weeds

A

• Potentilla anserina (silverweed)
• Potentilla reptans (creeping cinquefoil) • Filipendula ulmaria (meadowsweet)
• Rubus spp. (brambles/blackberries)

32
Q

Smallest plant family

A

Amborellaceae only 1 genus

33
Q

What is the celery/parsley,carrot/parsnip family called

A

Apiaceae

34
Q

What was the celery/parsley,carrot/parsnip family called before it was Apiaceae

A

Umbelliferae

35
Q

How many plant genera in Apiaceae family

A

418 plant genera

36
Q

Example of Apiaceae weeds

A

• Daucus carota (wild carrot)
• Heracleum sphondylium (hogweed)
• Aegopodium podograria (ground elder, bishopweed)

37
Q

Name the Apiaceae weed that contains phototoxic sap that the slightest contact with human skin causes painful blistering and skin irritation when exposed to sunlight

A

Heracleum mantegazzianum (giant hogweed)

38
Q

How long can the reaction to Heracleum mantegazzianum (giant hogweed) recur for

A

6 years or more

39
Q

Name the species in Apiaceae family used to poison condemned prisoners in Ancient Greece

A

Conium maculatum (hemlock)

40
Q

What is the name of the nightshade family

A

Solanaceae

41
Q

How many plant genera in Solanaceae family

A

115 plant genera

42
Q

Give an example of a Solanaceae weed

A

• Solanum nigrum (black nightshade)

43
Q

What is the Daisy family called

A

Asteraceae

44
Q

What was daisy family called prior to being called Asteraceae

A

Compositae

45
Q

How many plant genera in Asteraceae family

A

1,911 plant genera

46
Q

Give example of Asteraceae weeds

A

• Tussilago farfara (coltsfoot)
• Senecio vulgaris (groundsel)
• Senecio jacobaea (ragwort)
• Centaurea nigra (common knapweed)
• Cirsium arvense (creeping thistle)
• Cirsium vulgare (spear thistle)
• Taraxacum officinale (dandelion)
• Sonchus oleraceus (common sowthistle) • Sonchus arvensis (perennial sowthistle)

47
Q

What is grass family called

A

Poaceae

48
Q

Wnat was grass family previously called

A

Graminae

49
Q

How many plant genera in Poaceae family

A

759 plant genera

50
Q

All members of the Poaceae family are herbaceous except what

A

Bamboo

51
Q

Example of Poaceae Crops

A

Rice
Wheat
Maize
Barely
Oats
Rye

52
Q

Example of Poaceae weeds

A

• Avena fatua (common wild oat)
• Poa annua (annual meadow grass) • Agropyron repens (couch, scutch)

Botany (21 decks)

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