Lecture 22

Question 1

What is symbiosis

Answer 1

is a relationship between two or more organisms that live closely together.

Question 2

What is mutualism

Answer 2

interspecific cooperation each individual benefits from the other.

Question 3

What is Commensalism

Answer 3

One organism benefits. The other does not but is not harmed.

Question 4

What is a pathogen

Answer 4

Anything that causes a disease

Question 5

What percentage of endophytes found in roots

Answer 5

75%

Question 6

What percentage of endophytes found in leaves

Answer 6

6.4%

Question 7

What percentage of endophytes found in stems

Answer 7

14.18%

Question 8

What percentage of endophytes found in other

Answer 8

4.3%

Question 9

Where is nitrogen fixing bacteria found

Answer 9

•Soil
•Roots of legumes (clover,soybean,peas and alfalfa)

Question 10

Nitrogen fixing bacteria fix nitrogen more often that what

Answer 10

Lightning

Question 11

Endophytic bacteria are found in

Answer 11

roots,stems,leaves,seeds,fruits, tubers, ovules, and also inside legume nodules

Question 12

In most plants __ have the higher numbers of endophytes compared with above-ground tissues

Answer 12

roots

Question 13

the most commonly reported locations for endophytic bacteria are

Answer 13

•Intercellular spaces
•Xylem vessels

Question 14

Name the two principle types of Mycorrhizae

Answer 14

• Arbuscular (endo) mycorrhizae •Ectomycorrhizae

Question 15

The AM fungi-plant symbiosis is how many years old

Answer 15

> 400 million years old

Question 16

What are endophytes

Answer 16

bacteria or fungi that live within plants

Question 17

Endophytes form relationships ranging from

Answer 17

beneficial symbiotic to parasitic.

Question 18

Mycorrhizae increase the effective surface area of the ____ (in exchange for _____).

Answer 18

•Root
•Carbohydrates

Question 19

Bacteria can supply an available source of ____ to the plant (in exchange for_____)

Answer 19

•Nitrogen
•Carbohydrates