Lecture 1 Flashcards
How many CEREALS are produced annually
C.2.3 billion tonnes
How many VEGETABLES are produced annually
> 1 billion tonnes
How many FRUITS are produced annually
c.640 million tonnes
How much SUGAR is produced annually
c.156 million tonnes
What is the Latin name for tea
Camellia sinensis
What is the Latin name for coffee
Coffea arabica
How is alcohol made
By fermenting plant sugars
What is the Latin name for wine
Vitis vinifera
What is the subspecies name for wine
sativa
What is beer flavoured with
Hops (Humulus lupulus)
What is beer
Fermented malt from cereals often barley
What is the current global population
7.8 billion
What is the projected population in 2050
9.7 billion
In the next 40 years we need to produced the same amount of food we have produced in the last 10,000 years with what conditions
Same less land
Which has become more degraded
Less available water
More expensive energy
Under ongoing climate change
Why could life on earth not exist without photosynthesis
Produces oxygen necessary for life
Primary producer of all food chains
Crucial to global hydrological cycle as most water on land is cycles through plants
Removal of plants leads to water run off (flooding) and soil erosion
Photosynthesis equation
6CO2 + 6H2O = C6H12O6 + 6O2
How does CO2 enter a plant for photosynthesis
Through stomata on leaves
How does water from the soil enter the plant
Through the roots
In the presence of chlorophyll what does sunlight make
Carbohydrates (C6H12O6)
Name the by product of photosynthesis
Oxygen
What is oxygen the by product of photosynthesis used for
Small amount kept for respiration
Remainder passes into the atmosphere
What is photoperiodism
Response of a plant to changes in day length
What does photoperiodism control
Flowering
Onset of dormancy in many tree species
Formation of underground storage organs
Respiration equation
C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H20
What controls respiration
Enzymes
Effects of respiration on seeds and post harvest fruit , vegetables and cut flowers leads to what
A reduced shelf life
What is transpiration
The release of gases (mainly water vapour and oxygen) from plants through stomata on their leaves
