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Botany > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

How many CEREALS are produced annually

A

C.2.3 billion tonnes

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2
Q

How many VEGETABLES are produced annually

A

> 1 billion tonnes

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3
Q

How many FRUITS are produced annually

A

c.640 million tonnes

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4
Q

How much SUGAR is produced annually

A

c.156 million tonnes

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5
Q

What is the Latin name for tea

A

Camellia sinensis

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6
Q

What is the Latin name for coffee

A

Coffea arabica

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7
Q

How is alcohol made

A

By fermenting plant sugars

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8
Q

What is the Latin name for wine

A

Vitis vinifera

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9
Q

What is the subspecies name for wine

A

sativa

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10
Q

What is beer flavoured with

A

Hops (Humulus lupulus)

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11
Q

What is beer

A

Fermented malt from cereals often barley

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12
Q

What is the current global population

A

7.8 billion

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13
Q

What is the projected population in 2050

A

9.7 billion

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14
Q

In the next 40 years we need to produced the same amount of food we have produced in the last 10,000 years with what conditions

A

Same less land
Which has become more degraded
Less available water
More expensive energy
Under ongoing climate change

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15
Q

Why could life on earth not exist without photosynthesis

A

Produces oxygen necessary for life
Primary producer of all food chains
Crucial to global hydrological cycle as most water on land is cycles through plants
Removal of plants leads to water run off (flooding) and soil erosion

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16
Q

Photosynthesis equation

A

6CO2 + 6H2O = C6H12O6 + 6O2

17
Q

How does CO2 enter a plant for photosynthesis

A

Through stomata on leaves

18
Q

How does water from the soil enter the plant

A

Through the roots

19
Q

In the presence of chlorophyll what does sunlight make

A

Carbohydrates (C6H12O6)

20
Q

Name the by product of photosynthesis

A

Oxygen

21
Q

What is oxygen the by product of photosynthesis used for

A

Small amount kept for respiration
Remainder passes into the atmosphere

22
Q

What is photoperiodism

A

Response of a plant to changes in day length

23
Q

What does photoperiodism control

A

Flowering
Onset of dormancy in many tree species
Formation of underground storage organs

24
Q

Respiration equation

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H20

25
Q

What controls respiration

A

Enzymes

26
Q

Effects of respiration on seeds and post harvest fruit , vegetables and cut flowers leads to what

A

A reduced shelf life

27
Q

What is transpiration

A

The release of gases (mainly water vapour and oxygen) from plants through stomata on their leaves

Botany (21 decks)

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