Lecture 6: Temperature. Flashcards
What is a Microclimate?
Going into the shade on a hot day.
Climate altered by environment.
What is a Macro climate?
Local weather, patterns, historical climates
What is the Microclimate?
Macroclimate + enviorment = Microclmiate
What are Northen Aspects?
Face north, shaded in northern hemisphere
What are southern aspects
Face south, shaded in the southern hemisphere.
True or false?
Landscape influences microclimate in the form of Altitude and aspects
True
True or false:
Vegetation has no effect on Microclimate
False
True or false:
Surface color has large impacts on microclimate
True
Darker colors absorb more light making them….
Warmer
Light colours reflect more light making them….
Cooler
What is Albedo?
The reflective of a landscape
True or false:
Boulders and burrow make large impacts on microclimate
True
What is the role of under rocks in microclimate?
Warmer than surroundings
What is the role of burrows in the microclimate?
More moderate (stable) than surroundings.
True or false:
Water temperatures in marine/aquatic ecosystems fluctuate much less than air temperature on land.
True
What is the role in specific heat capasity in the aquatic ecosystem?
Water is great at absorbing heat energy without changing temperature
What is the role of Latent heat of vaporization in the aquatic ecosystem?
Heat is absorbed by water as it evaporates
What is the role of Latent heat of fusion in the aquatic ecosystem?
Water gives up heat energy as it freezes.
What effect dose temperature have in Photosynthetic rate?
extreme Temp’s (very hot & very cold) usually reduces photosynthetic rate .
Dependent on the plant spceices
What is the principle of Allocation?
- The amount of energy available to each organism is limited
- When energy is allocated to one function, it reduces the energy available for other functions
- Too energetically costly to have anatomical, physiological, and behavioral traits requires to live in all environments
What dose the principle of allocation have to do with evolutionary trade off’s?
Adapting to one set f environmental conditions generally reduce fitness in other environments or conditions
What is the range of tolerance & performance?
Organisms perform best within a narrow range of conditions
the result of how an organism has allocated energy to thrive in a cretin environment
What happens when an organism is in less than optional conditions?
they can:
- die
- Migrate
- Acclimate
- Adapt
What is Acclimation?
Physiological changes in response to changes in the environmental (Temp, Ph, Humidity). Generally reversible as conditions change
- temporary
What is adaptation?
An evolutionary process that changes anatomy, physiology, or behavior on a genetic level. Not reversible
- permanent
True or false:
it is of the upmost importance for an organism to balance their heat loss and heat gain
True
What is the equation for total heat stored?
Hs = Hm +/- Hcd +/- Hcv +/- Hr – He
What is Hs?
Total heat stored
What is Hm?
Metabolic heat
What is Hcd?
conduction
What is Hcv?
convction
What is Hr?
Radiation
What is He?
Evaporation
What is a Poikilotherm?
Body temperature varies with environment
What is a Homeotherm?
Body Temperature relatively constant regardless of environment.
What are Ectotherms?
Control body temperature using external energy.
What are Endotherms?
Control body temperature using internal energy.
Why would an animal want to be a endotherm?
Allows organisms to live in environments in which the average temperature is lower than their body temperature.
What is the general rule of ectotherms?
Cold? Go into the sun
Warm? get out of the sun.
What is the heat balance of arctic plants?
Decrease convective cooling (Hcv)
Increase recitative heating (Hr)
What is the heat balance of desert plants?
Decrease conductive heating (Hcd)
Decrease radative heating (Hr)
What is the internal body temp of humans?
37.5 C
How do endotherms maintain body temp?
They regulate their metabolic rate to control body heat.
How do ectotherms maintain body heat?
Primarily through behavioral adaptations as well as some physiological changes (frozen phrogs)
Hcd
Hcv
Hr
Its not the heat that kills you, it is….
Dehydration.
Increases in temperature outside of an organism tolerance will lead to increased water loss and further death.
