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Bio 208 > Lecture 3 Biomes > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Biomes Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are Biomes?

A

They are wasys of categorizing ecosystems that share properties.

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2
Q

What is the basic characteristic of Terrestrial Biomes?

A

They are categorized by their climate and the types of plants that can grow there.

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3
Q

what are the basic characteristic of aquatic biomes

A

The amount of moment of water, and the physical/chemical properties of that water.

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4
Q

How do you classify terrestrial biomes?

A
  • You look at the Geography (varies across latitudes)
  • Mean annual temperature
  • Mean annual precipitation
  • Predominant plants
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5
Q

What drives the temperature and participation of a terrestrial biome?

A

Climate.

this is the largest limiting factor for what CAN and what CANNOT live in a cretin biome.

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6
Q

What are Absolute values? and what should you look for when looking at a climate diagram

A
  • How hot or cold it is across the year
  • the range of temperatures across the year?
  • The amount of rain across the year
  • How variable is rainfall across the year?
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7
Q

What are Relative values? and what should you look for when looking at a climate diagram

A
  • How does temperature relate to precipitation across the year? (Rainfall that exceeds the mean monthly temp = growth season)
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8
Q

What are the terrestrial biomes in canada?

A

Tundra
Boreal forests
Temperate Forests
Temperate Grasslands

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9
Q

What are the most important terrestrial biomes

A

Rain-forests and Deserts

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10
Q

What is Soil?

A

A complex mixture of biotic and abiotic material upon which most terrestrial life depends.

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11
Q

How ling does it take to make soil?

A

2,000 to 20,000 years

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12
Q

What is mechanical weathering?

A

Breakdown of rock into smaller particles from combined action of water, wind, and plants.

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13
Q

What is chemical Weathering?

A

Action of chemical processes such as oxidation. hydrolysis, and reduction.

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14
Q

what are the layers of soil?

A

O - organic

A - Surface

B - Subsoil

C - Substratum

D - bedrock

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15
Q

True or false:

Soil depth matters.

A

True.

deep soil holds more water and minerals.

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16
Q

What influences soil depth?

A

slope
weathering
parent materials (bedrock)
vegetation

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17
Q

What is the link being deep soil and roots?

A

Deeper soild = deeper roots = bigger plants

18
Q

What are the two primary groups of Aquatic Biomes?

A

Marine (Oceans and seas)

Freshwater (Rivers, lakes, wet lands)

19
Q

What is the 1st factors that is used to Delineate Aquatic Biomes?

A

Salinity (Or the concentration of Salt/ions within the water)

20
Q

What is the 2nd factors that is used to Delineate Aquatic Biomes?

A

Water movement.

21
Q

What is the salinity of Ocean water?

A

34 ppt or greater (parts of salt)

22
Q

What is the salinity of Fresh water?

A

0-34 ppt

23
Q

What dose the key word “lentic”mean?

A

flowing systems (rivers)

24
Q

What dose the key word “lotic” mean?

A

Still system (lake)

25
Q

True or flase:

Aquatic systems are open systems.

A

True

26
Q

As you go deeper within the water column what happens to light?

A

Light gets absorbed by the water, with reds and Violets being absorbed first

and Blues and greens being the last to be absorbed and go the deepest

27
Q

Why are fish red?

A

So that they appear black in deep water.

28
Q

What is the 3rd factors that is used to Delineate Aquatic Biomes?

A

Temperature of the water system.

29
Q

What is the pattern of temperature drop via depth?

A

Non-linear with a HUGE decline in temperature all at once called the Thermocline.

30
Q

True or false:

Water is warmest at the surface of the water column and at the equator

A

True.

31
Q

True or false:

oxygen tends to be highest at the surface and declines as you get deeper in the water coloum

A

True

32
Q

What is a Ekman Spiral?

A

As wind travels over water it pulls it, being effected by the Coriolis effect, being deflected to the right.

Each layer of water pulls the one below it, with each layer being deflected to the right more than the above.

33
Q

What is the deflection direction and degree of an Ekmans Sprial?

A

Water is deflected to the right in the northern Hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere.

the deflection is 45 degrees of wind direction.

34
Q

When dose Coastal upwelling happen?

A

Wind-driven off-shore movement of water.

Deep water goes to the surface.

35
Q

What is Ekman Transport?

A

Deeper waters replace the displaced water nearshore

36
Q

True or false

Surface water is super nutruent poor

A

True

37
Q

When dose coastal down-welling occur?

A

Wind-driven on-shore movement of water.

surface water goes to the deep

38
Q

What are letoral zones?

A

Inter-tidal zones

39
Q

What is a Inter-tidal zone?

A

An area of high variability of conditions.

closest to the contention plate

40
Q

What is the Neuritic zone?

A

The area just after the Inter-tidal zone that is only 200m deep but contains the most diverse ecosystems

41
Q

What is important about the Neuritic zone?

A

It contains the Photic zone

42
Q

How much of the oceans is the Neritic zone/coastal zone?

A

10%

Bio 208 (21 decks)

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