lecture 6 - neuroanatomy 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is declarative memory?

A

Conscious, intentional recollection of facts, meanings and knowledge about memory and the external world

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2
Q

What is non-declarative memory?

A

Memory about skills and habits, classical conditioning, etc.

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3
Q

Which fibres connect the left and right hipppocampuses?

A

Hippocampal commissural

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4
Q

What structures do fibres from the fornix synapse in?

A

the mammillary bodies

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5
Q

Where is the major memory system of the brain located?

A

The medial temporal lobe

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6
Q

What are the 2 main components of the medial temporal lobe memory system?

A

Hippocampal formation, parahippocampal region

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7
Q

What is retrograde amnesia?

A

Loss of memories formed before the onset of the amnesia

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8
Q

What is anterograde amnesia?

A

Loss of ability to form new memories after the onset of the amnesia

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9
Q

Where in the brain is atrophy most profound in Alzheimer’s Disease?

A

Frontal & temporal lobes

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10
Q

What are the 2 key histological features found in the brain tissue of individuals with Alzheimer’s Disease?

A

Senile plaques, Neurofibrillary tangles

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11
Q

How are senile plaques form in Alzheimer’s Disease?

A

Amyloid processing is altered leading to the accumulation of peptides that aggregate as insoluble neuritic plaques

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12
Q

How do tangles form in Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Tau proteins, which stabilise microtubules in neurons, become problematic and clump together leading to cell death and the formation of tangles of tau protein

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13
Q

What is the typical distribution of plaques in Alzheimer’s brains?

A

No specific pattern of distribution

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14
Q

What is the typical distribution of tangles in Alzheimer’s brains?

A

Typically found. in the entorhinal and perirhinal cortices, hippocampus, and frontal/parietal lobes

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15
Q

Which part of the brain will not develop tangles in Alzheimer’s Disease?

A

The cerebellum

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16
Q

What are the 3 Braak Stages of Neurofibrillary changes in Alzheimer’s Disease?

A

Transentorhinal (asymptomatic), limbic (mild symptoms), neocortical (dementia)

17
Q

What is the biggest risk factor for developing Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Age

18
Q

What is the leading theory for the development of Alzheimer’s Disease?

A

Amyloid cascade hypothesis

19
Q

What are some of the treatments for Alzheimer’s Disease?

A

AChE inhibitors (prevent ACh breakdown to increase levels), immunotherapies

20
Q

What are the 2 key parts of the Hippocampus?

A

CA fields, dentate gyrus

21
Q

What are the components of the parahippocampal region?

A

Presubiculum, parasubiculum, entorhinal cortex, perirhinal cortex, parahippocampal cortex