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ELM3 - nervous > lecture 4 - neuroanatomy 3-4 > Flashcards

lecture 4 - neuroanatomy 3-4 Flashcards

1
Q

Where does CNI arise?

A

The cribriform plate

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2
Q

What is the name for the structure where the left and right optic nerves coming together?

A

Optic chiasm

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3
Q

What structure carries fibres from optic chiasm to the occipital lobe?

A

Optic tract

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4
Q

What is the function of CNI (olfactory nerve)?

A

Special sense of smell

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5
Q

What is the function of CNII (optic nerve)?

A

Special sense of vision

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6
Q

What is the function of CNIII (oculomotor nerve)?

A

motor supply to some extraocular muscles and all of the intrinsic smooth muscles of the eye

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7
Q

What is the function of CNIV (trochlear nerve)?

A

motor supply to the superior oblique muscle at the back of the eye

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8
Q

What is the function of CNV (trigeminal nerve)?

A

somatic sensation of face and anterior tongue, motor to muscles of mastication

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9
Q

What is the function of CNVI (abducens nerve)?

A

motor to lateral rectus muscle, which abducts the eye

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10
Q

What is the function of CNVII (facial nerve)?

A

motor to muscles of facial expression, taste on anterior tongue

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11
Q

What is the function of CNVIII (vestibulocochlear nerve)?

A

special senses of hearing and balance

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12
Q

What is the function of CNIX (glossopharyngeal)?

A

major nerve for taste, sensation of posterior tongue and pharynx

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13
Q

What is the function of CNX (vagus nerve)?

A

motor/sensory of viscera of thorax & abdomen, motor to pharynx & larynx muscles

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14
Q

What is the function of CNXI (accessory nerve)?

A

motor to sternomastoid and trapezius muscles

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15
Q

What is the function of CNXII (hypoglossal nerve)?

A

motor to all tongue muscles

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16
Q

Which cranial nerves are associated with the forebrain?

A

CNI, CNII

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17
Q

Which cranial nerves are associated with the brain stem?

A

CNIII-CNXII

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18
Q

What structures anchor the cerebrum to the midbrain?

A

Cerebral peduncles

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19
Q

What side of the midbrain are the cerebral peduncles on?

A

The ventral/anterior side

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20
Q

What are the 4 components of the corpora quadrigemia?

A

Superior colliculli (2), inferior colliculli (2)

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21
Q

Which cranial nerves are associated with the midbrain?

A

Oculomotor (III), Trochlear (IV)

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22
Q

What level of the brain stem has the substantia nigra?

A

Midbrain

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23
Q

What level of the brain stem has the red nucleus?

A

Midbrain

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24
Q

What is the main function of the superior colliculli?

A

Visual processing - detect moving objects, coordinate head and eye movements

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25
What is the main function of the inferior colliculli?
Auditory processing - startle reflex
26
What structure lies immeidately deep to the cerebral peduncles?
Substantia nigra
27
What gives the substantia nigra its black colour?
melanin pigment, which is a precursor to dopamine
28
What part of the brain is the substantia nigra ‘functionally linked’ to?
The basal nuclei
29
What is the disease associated with dopamine neuron degeneration in the substantia nigra?
Parkinson’s disease
30
What gives the red nucleus its colour?
Iron pigment
31
What ventricle does the pons form a wall of?
The 4th ventricle
32
Which cranial nerves are associated with the pons?
CNV, CNVI, CNVII, CNVIII
33
Where do the cotricospinal tracts run in the medulla?
Through the pyramid on the ventral part
34
What is the function of the medullary pyramids?
Contain motor fibres of the corticospinal tracts
35
At what level is the pyramidal decussation?
The level of the foramen magnum
36
What cranial nerves are associated with the medulla?
CNIX, CNX, CNXI, CNXII
37
Where in the brainstem are the cardiovascular centres found?
The medulla
38
Where in the brain stem are the respiratory centres found?
Pons and medulla
39
How is the cerebellum connected to the brain stem?
Cerebellar peduncles
40
Which dural fold connected to the posterior cerebellar incisure?
falx cerebelli
41
What part of the cerebellum sits between the left and right cerebellar hemispheres?
Vermis
42
What is the name for the ‘leaves’ of the cerebullum?
Folia
43
What is the arbor vitae of the cerebullum?
The white matter found deep within the cerebellum
44
What is the function of the superior and inferior medullary velum?
They sit between the cerebellar peduncles and form the roof of the fourth ventricle
45
Which of the medullary velum has choroid plexuses and therefore produces CSF?
Inferior medullary velum
46
What are the 3 key functional divisions of the cerebellum?
Spinocerebellum, cerebrocerebellum, vestibulocerebellum
47
What parts of the cerebellum make up the spinocerebellum?
Vermis, intermediate hemipsheres
48
What parts of the cerebellum make up the cerebrocerebellum?
Lateral hemispheres
49
What parts of the cerebellum make up the vestibulocerebellum?
Flocculonodular node - the nodulus and 2 flocculus
50
What is the function of the spinocerebellum?
Posture and movement of the trunk and limbs
51
What is the function of the cerebrocerebellum?
Planning movement
52
What is the function of the vestibulocerebellum?
Balance, head & eye movements
53
What does the superior cerebellar peduncle connect?
The cerebellum to the midbrain
54
What does the middle cerebellar peduncle connect?
The cerebellum to the pons
55
What does the inferior cerebellar peduncle connect?
The cerebellum to medulla
56
What are the 3 key deep nuclei of the cerebellum?
Dentate nuclei, interposed nuclei, fastigial nuclei
57
How does the cerebellum receive information about intended movements?
From the motor cortex, via the pons and into the cerebellum via the middle cerebellar peduncle
58
How does the cerebellum receive information about actual movements?
From peripheral sense organs via the medulla into the cerebellum via the inferior cerebellar peduncles
59
How does the cerebellum compare actual and intended movements?
Takes inputs from middle and inferior cerebellar peduncles and compares in the deep nuclei
60
How does information about correction of movements leave the cerebellum?
Via the superior and inferior cerebellar peduncles
61
What are some of the common signs/symptoms of cerebellar dysfunction?
ataxia, tremor, nystagmus, headache, vomiting

ELM3 - nervous (29 decks)

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