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ELM3 - nervous > lecture 4 - neuroanatomy 3-4 > Flashcards

lecture 4 - neuroanatomy 3-4 Flashcards

1
Q

Where does CNI arise?

A

The cribriform plate

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2
Q

What is the name for the structure where the left and right optic nerves coming together?

A

Optic chiasm

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3
Q

What structure carries fibres from optic chiasm to the occipital lobe?

A

Optic tract

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4
Q

What is the function of CNI (olfactory nerve)?

A

Special sense of smell

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5
Q

What is the function of CNII (optic nerve)?

A

Special sense of vision

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6
Q

What is the function of CNIII (oculomotor nerve)?

A

motor supply to some extraocular muscles and all of the intrinsic smooth muscles of the eye

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7
Q

What is the function of CNIV (trochlear nerve)?

A

motor supply to the superior oblique muscle at the back of the eye

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8
Q

What is the function of CNV (trigeminal nerve)?

A

somatic sensation of face and anterior tongue, motor to muscles of mastication

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9
Q

What is the function of CNVI (abducens nerve)?

A

motor to lateral rectus muscle, which abducts the eye

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10
Q

What is the function of CNVII (facial nerve)?

A

motor to muscles of facial expression, taste on anterior tongue

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11
Q

What is the function of CNVIII (vestibulocochlear nerve)?

A

special senses of hearing and balance

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12
Q

What is the function of CNIX (glossopharyngeal)?

A

major nerve for taste, sensation of posterior tongue and pharynx

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13
Q

What is the function of CNX (vagus nerve)?

A

motor/sensory of viscera of thorax & abdomen, motor to pharynx & larynx muscles

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14
Q

What is the function of CNXI (accessory nerve)?

A

motor to sternomastoid and trapezius muscles

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15
Q

What is the function of CNXII (hypoglossal nerve)?

A

motor to all tongue muscles

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16
Q

Which cranial nerves are associated with the forebrain?

A

CNI, CNII

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17
Q

Which cranial nerves are associated with the brain stem?

A

CNIII-CNXII

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18
Q

What structures anchor the cerebrum to the midbrain?

A

Cerebral peduncles

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19
Q

What side of the midbrain are the cerebral peduncles on?

A

The ventral/anterior side

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20
Q

What are the 4 components of the corpora quadrigemia?

A

Superior colliculli (2), inferior colliculli (2)

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21
Q

Which cranial nerves are associated with the midbrain?

A

Oculomotor (III), Trochlear (IV)

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22
Q

What level of the brain stem has the substantia nigra?

A

Midbrain

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23
Q

What level of the brain stem has the red nucleus?

A

Midbrain

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24
Q

What is the main function of the superior colliculli?

A

Visual processing - detect moving objects, coordinate head and eye movements

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25
Q

What is the main function of the inferior colliculli?

A

Auditory processing - startle reflex

26
Q

What structure lies immeidately deep to the cerebral peduncles?

A

Substantia nigra

27
Q

What gives the substantia nigra its black colour?

A

melanin pigment, which is a precursor to dopamine

28
Q

What part of the brain is the substantia nigra ‘functionally linked’ to?

A

The basal nuclei

29
Q

What is the disease associated with dopamine neuron degeneration in the substantia nigra?

A

Parkinson’s disease

30
Q

What gives the red nucleus its colour?

A

Iron pigment

31
Q

What ventricle does the pons form a wall of?

A

The 4th ventricle

32
Q

Which cranial nerves are associated with the pons?

A

CNV, CNVI, CNVII, CNVIII

33
Q

Where do the cotricospinal tracts run in the medulla?

A

Through the pyramid on the ventral part

34
Q

What is the function of the medullary pyramids?

A

Contain motor fibres of the corticospinal tracts

35
Q

At what level is the pyramidal decussation?

A

The level of the foramen magnum

36
Q

What cranial nerves are associated with the medulla?

A

CNIX, CNX, CNXI, CNXII

37
Q

Where in the brainstem are the cardiovascular centres found?

A

The medulla

38
Q

Where in the brain stem are the respiratory centres found?

A

Pons and medulla

39
Q

How is the cerebellum connected to the brain stem?

A

Cerebellar peduncles

40
Q

Which dural fold connected to the posterior cerebellar incisure?

A

falx cerebelli

41
Q

What part of the cerebellum sits between the left and right cerebellar hemispheres?

A

Vermis

42
Q

What is the name for the ‘leaves’ of the cerebullum?

A

Folia

43
Q

What is the arbor vitae of the cerebullum?

A

The white matter found deep within the cerebellum

44
Q

What is the function of the superior and inferior medullary velum?

A

They sit between the cerebellar peduncles and form the roof of the fourth ventricle

45
Q

Which of the medullary velum has choroid plexuses and therefore produces CSF?

A

Inferior medullary velum

46
Q

What are the 3 key functional divisions of the cerebellum?

A

Spinocerebellum, cerebrocerebellum, vestibulocerebellum

47
Q

What parts of the cerebellum make up the spinocerebellum?

A

Vermis, intermediate hemipsheres

48
Q

What parts of the cerebellum make up the cerebrocerebellum?

A

Lateral hemispheres

49
Q

What parts of the cerebellum make up the vestibulocerebellum?

A

Flocculonodular node - the nodulus and 2 flocculus

50
Q

What is the function of the spinocerebellum?

A

Posture and movement of the trunk and limbs

51
Q

What is the function of the cerebrocerebellum?

A

Planning movement

52
Q

What is the function of the vestibulocerebellum?

A

Balance, head & eye movements

53
Q

What does the superior cerebellar peduncle connect?

A

The cerebellum to the midbrain

54
Q

What does the middle cerebellar peduncle connect?

A

The cerebellum to the pons

55
Q

What does the inferior cerebellar peduncle connect?

A

The cerebellum to medulla

56
Q

What are the 3 key deep nuclei of the cerebellum?

A

Dentate nuclei, interposed nuclei, fastigial nuclei

57
Q

How does the cerebellum receive information about intended movements?

A

From the motor cortex, via the pons and into the cerebellum via the middle cerebellar peduncle

58
Q

How does the cerebellum receive information about actual movements?

A

From peripheral sense organs via the medulla into the cerebellum via the inferior cerebellar peduncles

59
Q

How does the cerebellum compare actual and intended movements?

A

Takes inputs from middle and inferior cerebellar peduncles and compares in the deep nuclei

60
Q

How does information about correction of movements leave the cerebellum?

A

Via the superior and inferior cerebellar peduncles

61
Q

What are some of the common signs/symptoms of cerebellar dysfunction?

A

ataxia, tremor, nystagmus, headache, vomiting

ELM3 - nervous (29 decks)

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