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ELM3 - nervous > lecture 19 - organisation of the cranial nerves > Flashcards

lecture 19 - organisation of the cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the motor and sensory nuclei of the brainstem are found more medially?

A

Motor

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2
Q

What divides the motor and sensory nuclei of the brain stem?

A

Sulcus limitans

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3
Q

What are the 3 types of brain stem motor nuclei, found medial to lateral?

A

General somatic, branchial efferent, general visceral

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4
Q

What are the 3 types of brain stem sensory nuclei, found medial to lateral?

A

general visceral, general somatic, special somatic

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5
Q

Which cranial nerve is found at the level of the superior colliculus in the midbrain?

A

Oculomotor nerve

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6
Q

Which nuclei are found at the level of the superior colliculus in the midbrain?

A

Oculomotor, Edinger Westphal

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7
Q

Where do fibres of the trochlear nerve exit the midbrain?

A

They cross over then exit dorsally

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8
Q

Which brainstem nucleus is found at the level of the inferior colliculus in the midbrain?

A

Trochlear nucleus

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9
Q

Which brain stem nuclei are found at the level of the mid pons?

A

Motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve, chief/pontine/main nucleus of trigeminal nerve (sensory)

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10
Q

Where is the motor nucleus of CNV found in relation to the sensory nuclei of CNV?

A

Found in the mid pons, medial to where the pontine/chief sensory nucleus of V is also found

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11
Q

Which cranial nerves exit the brain stem at the caudal pons?

A

CNVI, CNVII, CNVIII

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12
Q

Which brainstem nuclei are found at the level of the caudal pons? (medial to lateral)?

A

Abducens nucleus, facial motor nucleus, vestibulocochlear nucleus

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13
Q

What is the path of the facial nerve from its nucleus to exiting the brain stem?

A

It wraps around the abducens nucleus medially at the dorsal part of the caudal pons, before travelling laterally to the abducens and facial nuclei to exit the brain stem ventrally

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14
Q

What features of a cross section of the medulla are useful in identifying it?

A

The olives and pyramids

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15
Q

What features of a cross section of the midbrain are useful in identifying it?

A

‘Mickey mouse’ shape - with ears representing the cerebral peduncles

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16
Q

What features of a cross section of the pons are useful in identifying it?

A

horse shoe/arch shape

17
Q

Which cranial nerve nuclei are found at the open/upper medulla? (medial to lateral)?

A

hypoglossal nucleus, motor vagal nucleus, vestibulocochlear nucleus, nucleus ambiguous, nucleus of tractus solitarius

18
Q

What is the location of the median longitudinal fasciculus in the brain stem?

A

travels medially down the midline of the brain stem

19
Q

What are the 3 sensory nuclei of the trigeminal nerve? (superior to inferior)

A

Mesencephalic nucleus, pontine/chief nucleus, spinal tract nucleus

20
Q

Which arteries supply the midbrain?

A

Posterior cerebral

21
Q

Which arteries supply the pons?

A

Superior cerebellar artery, anterior inferior cerebellar artery, basilar artery (via pontine arteries)

22
Q

Which arteries supply the open medulla?

A

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery, vertebral artery, anterior spinal artery

23
Q

What are some of the general signs and symptoms of a brain stem stroke?

A

Cranial nerve disturbance (visual disturbance, vertigo, dysphagia, facial numbness, etc.), hemiparesis, hemi or bilateral sensory loss, ataxia

24
Q

What are signs/symptoms of a stroke/lesion to the medial midbrain at the superior-colliculus level of the brainstem?

A

ipsilateral CNIII dysfunction (ptosis, dilated pupil, eye turned down/out), contralateral hemiparesis, contralateral lower face weakness due to damage to CNVII fibres of the corticobulbar tract.

25
Q

What are signs/symptoms of a stroke/lesion to the lateral midbrain at the superior-colliculus level of the brainstem?

A

contralateral hemiparesis, loss of contralateral discriminative sensation (medial leminscus), loss of contralateral pain/temperature (spinothalamic tract), loss contralateral VTTT sensory modalities to the face

26
Q

What are signs/symptoms of a stroke/lesion to the medial zone of the mid pons of the brainstem?

A

contralateral hemiparesis, loss of contralateral discriminative sensation and pain/temperature, loss of contralateral VTTT pain/temperature facial sensation

27
Q

What are signs/symptoms of a stroke/lesion to the lateral zone of the mid pons of the of the brainstem?

A

contralateral pain/temperature sensory loss, ipsilateral ataxia, ispilateral CNV palsy (paralysis of muscles of mastication), ipsilateral CNV sensory loss

28
Q

What are signs/symptoms of a stroke/lesion to the medial zone of the caudal pons of the brainstem?

A

contralateral hemiparesis, contralateral discriminative sensation loss, contralateral pain/temperature sensory loss, contralateral VTTT pain/temperature sensory loss to the face, ipsilateral CNVI damage (medially deviating eyes), ipsilateral CNVII palsy (paralysis of muscles of facial expression)

29
Q

What are signs/symptoms of a stroke/lesion to the medial medulla of the brainstem?

A

contralateral hemiparesis, contralateral discriminative sensation loss, ipsilateral CNXII palsy (deviating tongue)

30
Q

What are signs/symptoms of a stroke/lesion to the lateral medulla of the brainstem?

A

contralateral pain-temperature sensory loss, ipsilateral spinal trigeminal tract damage (Loss of pain/temperature to the face), ipsilateral nucleus ambiguus damage (CNIX, X, XI signs), cerebellar dysfunction, ipsilateral vestibular nucleus dysfunction (vertigo, nausea, nystagmus)

31
Q

What vessel is occluded in a lesion of the medial zone of the midbrain at the level of the superior colliculus?

A

Posterior cerebral artery (medial branch)

32
Q

What vessel is occluded in a lesion of the lateral zone of the midbrain at the level of the superior colliculus?

A

Posterior cerebral artery, lateral branch

33
Q

What vessel is occluded in a lesion of the medial zone of the mid pons?

A

Medial pontine artery

34
Q

What vessel is occluded in a lesion of the lateral zone of the mid pons?

A

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery

35
Q

What vessel is occluded in a lesion of the caudal pons?

A

Medial pontine artery

36
Q

What vessel is occluded in a lesion of the medial medulla?

A

Anterior spinal artery

37
Q

What vessel is occluded in a lesion of the lateral medulla?

A

PICA (posterior inferior cerebellar artery)

ELM3 - nervous (29 decks)

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