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CATA 263 > lecture 5: principles of protective equipment > Flashcards

lecture 5: principles of protective equipment Flashcards

1
Q

why use protectivte equipment

A

Specialized equipment when properly used can protect a participant from accidental or routine injuries associated with sport or physical activity

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2
Q

what do you need to ensure when using protective equipment

A

Ensure it is used properly, fits properly, good condition, used as intended

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3
Q

what is the disadvantage to wearing protective equipment and give examples

A

May lead players to feel too safe and become more aggressive/ reckless

ex: a football player wearing a helmet might feel a false sense of preotection and be more reckless in comparison to a rugby player

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4
Q

what are the 2 types of injuries

A

focal and diffused

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5
Q

explain focal injuries and give example

A

Focal injuries
High speed
low mass of impact leads to forces
concentrated in smaller area

ex: getting hit with a golf ball

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6
Q

what type of injury is high speed low mass

A

focal

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7
Q

explain dffuse injuries and example

A

Low velocity
high mass forces
forces being absorbed over a larger area

ex: being at the bottom on the rgugby pit being pilled on

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8
Q

wht type of injury is low velocity and high mass

A

diffused

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9
Q

what are the 7 equipment design factors that can reduce potential injurt

A
  1. Increase the impact area
  2. Transfer or disperse the impact area to another body part
  3. Limit the relative motion of a body part
  4. Add mass to the body part to limit deformation and displacement
  5. Reduce friction between contacting surfaces
  6. Absorb energy
  7. Resist the absorption or bacteria, fungi and viruses
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10
Q

true or false: equipment decreases the impact area

A

false it increases it

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11
Q

equioments adds BLANK to the body part to limit deform and displacement

A

mass

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12
Q

what is reduced between contracting surfaces by equip

A

friction

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13
Q

what are the 3 types of forces in terms of equip.

A

dispersion
absorption
deflection

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14
Q

explain delfection and ex

A

the force moves away/bounces off

ex: helment

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15
Q

explain absorption and example

A

a substance captures and transforms energy. T

ex: padding

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16
Q

exaplin disperision

A

you get an even distrubition of force over a larger surface area

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17
Q

what arte the 2 types of material

A

low density material

high density material

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18
Q

which is most comfrotable, low or high density material

A

low density

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19
Q

where is low density mateiral the most effectiove

A

at low levels of impact intensity

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20
Q

low density material is usefyl for what

A

reducing friction and preventing blisters

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21
Q

give examples of low density materials

A

Gauze padding, foam, neoprene, felt, moleskin

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22
Q

what are the 2 functions of high density mateial

A

Absorbs more energy by deformation

Protect from direct blows and focal injuries

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23
Q

give examples of high density mateiral

A

plastics, orthoplast and casting material

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24
Q

what is the funcion of second skn

A

prevents blisters

helps with friction

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25
Q

what is the main component of soft material

A

air

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26
Q

what are the two subdividersm of soft ,material

A

open cell foam

closed cell foam

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27
Q

explain open cell foam

A

 quickly deform under stress
Like a sponge
Can absorb fluids

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28
Q

explain closed cell foam

A

returns to original shape quickly

Less cushioning at low levels of impact

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29
Q

what is an example of an closed cell foam

A

foam roaler

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30
Q

which is better at high impact: closed or open cell foam

A

closed cell foam

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31
Q

whichr returns to original shape faster: closed or open foam

A

clsoed

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32
Q

which is more like a sponge: open or closed cell foa

A

Open

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33
Q

what is the most common casting material

A

plaster

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34
Q

what are the disadanges to a plaster casting material

A

cannot get wet
heaviest option
takes a couple days to fully harder

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35
Q

true or false: plaster hardens in a couple hours

A

false, that fiberglass

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36
Q

which is the coloured castin material

A

fibergalss

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37
Q

why is foberglass better than plaster

A

more breathable, lighter and mostly water resistanct

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38
Q

catergorixe this by which hardens fastest to slowest, plaster, thermoplastic and fiberglass

A

thermoplastic, fiberglass, plaster

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39
Q

true or false: tehrmoplastic casting materials offer less support

A

true

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40
Q

which is the most expensive and most completable casting material

A

themoplatstic

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41
Q

which casting material can be removed to cleana nd shower

A

thermoplastic

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42
Q

expalin 3d printing casts

A 
Experimental
Very comfortable
Breathable
Lightest
Customizable
Waterproof
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43
Q

true or false: it is not the duty of AT staff to ensure proper use of proctecivte quip

A

false, it is

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44
Q

what is the duty of the manufacturer

A

Duty of manufacturer to design, manufacture and package safe equipment that will not cause injury when used for intended purposes

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45
Q

true or false: the manufacturer is still liable if equip was not used for intended purposes

A

false

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46
Q

what does NOCSAE stand for

A

National operating committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment

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47
Q

what does NOCSAE do

A

Set standards for equipment to tolerate certain forces
Helmets, shin pads
q

48
Q

what are the organixations that provide certifications

A

National operating committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE)

Canadian Standards Association (CSA)
Hockey Equipment Certification Council (HECC)

49
Q

Many head and facial injuries can be prevented with proper use/fitting of …

A 
Helmets
Face guards
Eyewear
Mouth guards
Throat protection
50
Q

what does the Q ocllar do

A

compresses the jugular so more blood can go to brain, brain swells meaning ther eis less space for the brain the bounce around
=less change of concussion

51
Q

what is the exoskeleton

A

they are weightbearing, takes off weight load allowing to carry more and prevent injury

52
Q

what do they headbands they wear in soccer/basketball do

A

protect skull from injury (fracture or contusion) but not against concussion

53
Q

can helments prevent consusions

A

no

54
Q

what is the function of helmets

A

Must absorb, disperse and deflect high velocity low mass and low velocity high mass forces

55
Q

do helmets protect from axial loading injuries

A

no

56
Q

why are axial laoding injuries dangerous

A

the force is applies downwards to compress the vertebrae and leads to SCI

57
Q

if helmets cannot prevent concussions, what do they help with

A

frcatures and lacerations

58
Q

what is the mechanisms for football helemts

A

air nladder absorbing sock

59
Q

what is the affect of temperature on helmets

A

Higher temperatures affect absorption abilities

Compress more easily and absorb less shock

60
Q

what do shoulders pads/protection protect

A

shoulders, upper baxk and chest

61
Q

what is the external shell made of in shoulder protection

A

lightweight yet hard plastic

62
Q

what is the inner lining of shoulder protection amde of

A

closed open or both cell padding

63
Q

what do prophylactic braces do

A

Help to reduce severity and decrease risk of injury occurring

64
Q

what are prophylactic braces made of

A

Usually made of a soft material with 1 or 2 hinges on the lateral aspect of the knee.

65
Q

functional braces function

A

Provide support to areas already injured (ex: ACL)

66
Q

what does a functional knee brace control for

A

control for tibial movement/ glide.

67
Q

what are offloader/unloader braces used for

A

used for tibial plateau contusions or meniscus injuries.

68
Q

true or false: the therapist must be comfortable with fitting a brace

A

true

69
Q

wht are the 2 types of rehabilitation braces

A

immobilzation

range of motion permissive

70
Q

what is an example of an immbolization brace

A

zimmer brace for an ACL

71
Q

true or false; there is slighty movement allowed with immbolization brace

A

no

72
Q

true or false; immobilization Will prevent all motions at the joint

A

true

73
Q

give the chracteretics of immbolization brace

A

Will usually be worn for a certain amount of time dictated by the surgeon in the rehabilitation protocol

74
Q

which brace allows for early movement to be controled between a fixed amplicature

A

ROM permissive

75
Q

what are the advantefes of early movement of ROM permissive

A

preventing joint adhesions, enhanced proprioception, increases synovial fluid circulation to promote healing and lubrification.

76
Q

true or false: ROM permissive and usulally meant for RTP

A

false

not usually

77
Q

which braces are better for RTP

A

functional braces

78
Q

true or false: its harder to regain ROM after immobilization rbace

A

true

79
Q

what do people use for tendinopathies

A

tendon straps

80
Q

explain tendon straps for tendinopaties

A

adds a buttress to create a new point of pull

decrease pain but does not heal

81
Q

what do foott orthotics provide

A

a quick option to treat or prevent posture, gait and foot abnormalities

82
Q

true or foot: orthotics have bettet results than rehab and exrcise

A

false, in most cases, a proper rehabilitation and exercise prescription can get you the same results as orthotics.

83
Q

what is the fucntion of prophylactic wrapping and taping

A

Provide support to prevent injury while allowing functional movement

84
Q

true or false: Prophylactic Wrapping and Taping is only used during rehab

A

Used during the rehabilitation process and returning an athlete to play

85
Q

which are more effective (Prophylactic Wrapping and Taping) or (brace, an orthotic or rehabilitation)

A

brace, an orthotic or rehabilitation

86
Q

what are the 8 principles of tape and wrap devices

A

1) Provide immediate first aid
2) Limit excessive joint movement
3) Support an injured body part
4) Provide compression
5) Provide proprioceptive feedback
6) Secure protective pads and dressings
7) Allow early resumption of activity
8) Reduce the chance of re-injury

87
Q

what are the main two reaons we put on tape/wrap

A

Assists in stabilizing the joints/injured tissue
(Limits ROM, Provides additional external stabilization (external ligament)

Enhances joint stability through increasing proprioception

88
Q

true or false: ** Traditional athletic tape never stretches and elongates so it keeps its supportive properties for a long time

A

false, Traditional athletic tape stretches and elongates, loosing much of its supportive properties after about 20 minutes of activity**

89
Q

wahat are you trying to do when you put tape?

A

Limit movement into painful ROM

Assist in the support of a ligament

Provide compression

Disperse forces

90
Q

does tape eliminate pain and risk of further injury

A

no

91
Q

explain how taping and wrapping proves proprioceptive feedback

A

by having tape, it acts as a mental block. the athelte will constatnly feel it and remmeber the injury so they will be more cautious

92
Q

what are the two types of tape

A

tradtitional pre wrap and cotton zinc oxide

synthetic tape (powerflex/powettape)

93
Q

after how long does the traditional ore wrap and cotton zinc oxide lose support

A

around 20 mintues of activity

94
Q

what is the advantage of synthetic tape over tradtional

A

allows sweat to pass through materal and decrases need to reapply (lasts longer than 30 mintes=maintains ROM restriction)

95
Q

which maintains ROM restriction longer tradiational or syntehtic

A

synthetic

96
Q

which tape is adhererent to itself and pourous

A

synthetic

97
Q

what are the preapplication steps of tape/wrap

A

Quick decision on players ability to RTP

Skin check- blisters, cuts, rashes etc.

PMSC

Allergies to tapes/adhesives?

Hair removal?

98
Q

true or false: do not area with tape adherent onto the skin

A

false

99
Q

where should you place pads/lubs before taping

A

in areas sensitive tot frction

100
Q

what can you add to a patient if they have allergies to tape

A

foam under wrap

101
Q

how should you place tape strips (what direction)

A

in directions that assist you in keeping out of ROM you want to avoid-
(keep some tension on the tape)

ex: if trying to prevrent inversion, apply resistance to eversion

102
Q

how much should you overlap the previous tape strip by

A

1/2 to 1/3

103
Q

what are the steps for application of trap./wrap

A

Spray area with tape adherent onto the skin

Place patient in functional position

Place pad/lubricant in areas sensitive to friction (i.e. Achilles tendon)

Add foam under-wrap if patient has allergies to tape

Place strips in directions that assist you in keeping out of ROM you want to avoid- keep some tension on the tape

Overlap the previous tape strip by ½ to 1/3

Avoid wrinkles

Avoid windows in the tape

104
Q

what are the post applciation steps for tape wrap

A

Make sure no windows

Recheck PMSC

Check the function of the tape job
(Manually
Sport specific )

105
Q

explain how to check the function of the tape job manually

A

ensure that the ROM you are trying to protect is actually limited

106
Q

explain how to check the function of the tape job sport specififc

A

ensure that they can still do the movements and roms necessary for their sport

107
Q

should you tape if there are limitations to an atehletes functional ability?

A

yes, if it helps with ROM, strength, functional movement, pain!

108
Q

why is taping an acute injury good

A

to prevent swelling

109
Q

at night should you tape?

A

no take it off at night to allow for proper periphere circualtion

110
Q

true or false: you can tape in any sport

A

false you need to check the sport and limutations

might not be allowed at all or there may be some exceptions

111
Q

what is the problem if you are continuously taping and never actually rehabiltating the injury

A

it can become a psychological crutch

without it you will fear injury and may get hurt, your muscles amy be not properly trained to protect it anymore etc

112
Q

is tape intended for prolongued use

A

no , short term solution

113
Q

kinesio tape does what to the neuromuscular system

A

re educats it

114
Q

how does KT tape work

A

The KT lifting function over skin is proposed to relieve pressure on nociceptors immediately, thus directly reducing the perceived pain on compressive pathologies.

115
Q

what does KT tape do

A

promote circulation and healing
lymph drainange (web pattern)
prevrents injury
reduces pain

116
Q

what are 3 beenfits of KT tape according to article

A

1) Can wear it more long term and sleep with it (effect disapears after 3 days of wearing the tape)
2) KTtape can help reduce short term pain
3) KT comnined with elevation can decrase swelling

CATA 263 (17 decks)

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