lecture 5: principles of protective equipment Flashcards
why use protectivte equipment
Specialized equipment when properly used can protect a participant from accidental or routine injuries associated with sport or physical activity
what do you need to ensure when using protective equipment
Ensure it is used properly, fits properly, good condition, used as intended
what is the disadvantage to wearing protective equipment and give examples
May lead players to feel too safe and become more aggressive/ reckless
ex: a football player wearing a helmet might feel a false sense of preotection and be more reckless in comparison to a rugby player
what are the 2 types of injuries
focal and diffused
explain focal injuries and give example
Focal injuries
High speed
low mass of impact leads to forces
concentrated in smaller area
ex: getting hit with a golf ball
what type of injury is high speed low mass
focal
explain dffuse injuries and example
Low velocity
high mass forces
forces being absorbed over a larger area
ex: being at the bottom on the rgugby pit being pilled on
wht type of injury is low velocity and high mass
diffused
what are the 7 equipment design factors that can reduce potential injurt
- Increase the impact area
- Transfer or disperse the impact area to another body part
- Limit the relative motion of a body part
- Add mass to the body part to limit deformation and displacement
- Reduce friction between contacting surfaces
- Absorb energy
- Resist the absorption or bacteria, fungi and viruses
true or false: equipment decreases the impact area
false it increases it
equioments adds BLANK to the body part to limit deform and displacement
mass
what is reduced between contracting surfaces by equip
friction
what are the 3 types of forces in terms of equip.
dispersion
absorption
deflection
explain delfection and ex
the force moves away/bounces off
ex: helment
explain absorption and example
a substance captures and transforms energy. T
ex: padding
exaplin disperision
you get an even distrubition of force over a larger surface area
what arte the 2 types of material
low density material
high density material
which is most comfrotable, low or high density material
low density
where is low density mateiral the most effectiove
at low levels of impact intensity
low density material is usefyl for what
reducing friction and preventing blisters
give examples of low density materials
Gauze padding, foam, neoprene, felt, moleskin
what are the 2 functions of high density mateial
Absorbs more energy by deformation
Protect from direct blows and focal injuries
give examples of high density mateiral
plastics, orthoplast and casting material
what is the funcion of second skn
prevents blisters
helps with friction
what is the main component of soft material
air
what are the two subdividersm of soft ,material
open cell foam
closed cell foam
explain open cell foam
quickly deform under stress
Like a sponge
Can absorb fluids
explain closed cell foam
returns to original shape quickly
Less cushioning at low levels of impact
what is an example of an closed cell foam
foam roaler
which is better at high impact: closed or open cell foam
closed cell foam
whichr returns to original shape faster: closed or open foam
clsoed
which is more like a sponge: open or closed cell foa
Open
what is the most common casting material
plaster
what are the disadanges to a plaster casting material
cannot get wet
heaviest option
takes a couple days to fully harder
true or false: plaster hardens in a couple hours
false, that fiberglass
which is the coloured castin material
fibergalss
why is foberglass better than plaster
more breathable, lighter and mostly water resistanct
catergorixe this by which hardens fastest to slowest, plaster, thermoplastic and fiberglass
thermoplastic, fiberglass, plaster
true or false: tehrmoplastic casting materials offer less support
true
which is the most expensive and most completable casting material
themoplatstic
which casting material can be removed to cleana nd shower
thermoplastic
expalin 3d printing casts
Experimental Very comfortable Breathable Lightest Customizable Waterproof
true or false: it is not the duty of AT staff to ensure proper use of proctecivte quip
false, it is
what is the duty of the manufacturer
Duty of manufacturer to design, manufacture and package safe equipment that will not cause injury when used for intended purposes
true or false: the manufacturer is still liable if equip was not used for intended purposes
false
what does NOCSAE stand for
National operating committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment
what does NOCSAE do
Set standards for equipment to tolerate certain forces
Helmets, shin pads
q
what are the organixations that provide certifications
National operating committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE)
Canadian Standards Association (CSA)
Hockey Equipment Certification Council (HECC)
Many head and facial injuries can be prevented with proper use/fitting of …
Helmets Face guards Eyewear Mouth guards Throat protection
what does the Q ocllar do
compresses the jugular so more blood can go to brain, brain swells meaning ther eis less space for the brain the bounce around
=less change of concussion
what is the exoskeleton
they are weightbearing, takes off weight load allowing to carry more and prevent injury
what do they headbands they wear in soccer/basketball do
protect skull from injury (fracture or contusion) but not against concussion
can helments prevent consusions
no
what is the function of helmets
Must absorb, disperse and deflect high velocity low mass and low velocity high mass forces
do helmets protect from axial loading injuries
no
why are axial laoding injuries dangerous
the force is applies downwards to compress the vertebrae and leads to SCI
if helmets cannot prevent concussions, what do they help with
frcatures and lacerations
what is the mechanisms for football helemts
air nladder absorbing sock
what is the affect of temperature on helmets
Higher temperatures affect absorption abilities
Compress more easily and absorb less shock
what do shoulders pads/protection protect
shoulders, upper baxk and chest
what is the external shell made of in shoulder protection
lightweight yet hard plastic
what is the inner lining of shoulder protection amde of
closed open or both cell padding
what do prophylactic braces do
Help to reduce severity and decrease risk of injury occurring
what are prophylactic braces made of
Usually made of a soft material with 1 or 2 hinges on the lateral aspect of the knee.
functional braces function
Provide support to areas already injured (ex: ACL)
what does a functional knee brace control for
control for tibial movement/ glide.
what are offloader/unloader braces used for
used for tibial plateau contusions or meniscus injuries.
true or false: the therapist must be comfortable with fitting a brace
true
wht are the 2 types of rehabilitation braces
immobilzation
range of motion permissive
what is an example of an immbolization brace
zimmer brace for an ACL
true or false; there is slighty movement allowed with immbolization brace
no
true or false; immobilization Will prevent all motions at the joint
true
give the chracteretics of immbolization brace
Will usually be worn for a certain amount of time dictated by the surgeon in the rehabilitation protocol
which brace allows for early movement to be controled between a fixed amplicature
ROM permissive
what are the advantefes of early movement of ROM permissive
preventing joint adhesions, enhanced proprioception, increases synovial fluid circulation to promote healing and lubrification.
true or false: ROM permissive and usulally meant for RTP
false
not usually
which braces are better for RTP
functional braces
true or false: its harder to regain ROM after immobilization rbace
true
what do people use for tendinopathies
tendon straps
explain tendon straps for tendinopaties
adds a buttress to create a new point of pull
decrease pain but does not heal
what do foott orthotics provide
a quick option to treat or prevent posture, gait and foot abnormalities
true or foot: orthotics have bettet results than rehab and exrcise
false, in most cases, a proper rehabilitation and exercise prescription can get you the same results as orthotics.
what is the fucntion of prophylactic wrapping and taping
Provide support to prevent injury while allowing functional movement
true or false: Prophylactic Wrapping and Taping is only used during rehab
Used during the rehabilitation process and returning an athlete to play
which are more effective (Prophylactic Wrapping and Taping) or (brace, an orthotic or rehabilitation)
brace, an orthotic or rehabilitation
what are the 8 principles of tape and wrap devices
1) Provide immediate first aid
2) Limit excessive joint movement
3) Support an injured body part
4) Provide compression
5) Provide proprioceptive feedback
6) Secure protective pads and dressings
7) Allow early resumption of activity
8) Reduce the chance of re-injury
what are the main two reaons we put on tape/wrap
Assists in stabilizing the joints/injured tissue
(Limits ROM, Provides additional external stabilization (external ligament)
Enhances joint stability through increasing proprioception
true or false: ** Traditional athletic tape never stretches and elongates so it keeps its supportive properties for a long time
false, Traditional athletic tape stretches and elongates, loosing much of its supportive properties after about 20 minutes of activity**
wahat are you trying to do when you put tape?
Limit movement into painful ROM
Assist in the support of a ligament
Provide compression
Disperse forces
does tape eliminate pain and risk of further injury
no
explain how taping and wrapping proves proprioceptive feedback
by having tape, it acts as a mental block. the athelte will constatnly feel it and remmeber the injury so they will be more cautious
what are the two types of tape
tradtitional pre wrap and cotton zinc oxide
synthetic tape (powerflex/powettape)
after how long does the traditional ore wrap and cotton zinc oxide lose support
around 20 mintues of activity
what is the advantage of synthetic tape over tradtional
allows sweat to pass through materal and decrases need to reapply (lasts longer than 30 mintes=maintains ROM restriction)
which maintains ROM restriction longer tradiational or syntehtic
synthetic
which tape is adhererent to itself and pourous
synthetic
what are the preapplication steps of tape/wrap
Quick decision on players ability to RTP
Skin check- blisters, cuts, rashes etc.
PMSC
Allergies to tapes/adhesives?
Hair removal?
true or false: do not area with tape adherent onto the skin
false
where should you place pads/lubs before taping
in areas sensitive tot frction
what can you add to a patient if they have allergies to tape
foam under wrap
how should you place tape strips (what direction)
in directions that assist you in keeping out of ROM you want to avoid-
(keep some tension on the tape)
ex: if trying to prevrent inversion, apply resistance to eversion
how much should you overlap the previous tape strip by
1/2 to 1/3
what are the steps for application of trap./wrap
Spray area with tape adherent onto the skin
Place patient in functional position
Place pad/lubricant in areas sensitive to friction (i.e. Achilles tendon)
Add foam under-wrap if patient has allergies to tape
Place strips in directions that assist you in keeping out of ROM you want to avoid- keep some tension on the tape
Overlap the previous tape strip by ½ to 1/3
Avoid wrinkles
Avoid windows in the tape
what are the post applciation steps for tape wrap
Make sure no windows
Recheck PMSC
Check the function of the tape job
(Manually
Sport specific )
explain how to check the function of the tape job manually
ensure that the ROM you are trying to protect is actually limited
explain how to check the function of the tape job sport specififc
ensure that they can still do the movements and roms necessary for their sport
should you tape if there are limitations to an atehletes functional ability?
yes, if it helps with ROM, strength, functional movement, pain!
why is taping an acute injury good
to prevent swelling
at night should you tape?
no take it off at night to allow for proper periphere circualtion
true or false: you can tape in any sport
false you need to check the sport and limutations
might not be allowed at all or there may be some exceptions
what is the problem if you are continuously taping and never actually rehabiltating the injury
it can become a psychological crutch
without it you will fear injury and may get hurt, your muscles amy be not properly trained to protect it anymore etc
is tape intended for prolongued use
no , short term solution
kinesio tape does what to the neuromuscular system
re educats it
how does KT tape work
The KT lifting function over skin is proposed to relieve pressure on nociceptors immediately, thus directly reducing the perceived pain on compressive pathologies.
what does KT tape do
promote circulation and healing
lymph drainange (web pattern)
prevrents injury
reduces pain
what are 3 beenfits of KT tape according to article
1) Can wear it more long term and sleep with it (effect disapears after 3 days of wearing the tape)
2) KTtape can help reduce short term pain
3) KT comnined with elevation can decrase swelling
