lecture 4: preparticipation medical examination Flashcards
what are the 3 general functions of a preparticipation medical exam
1) ensure healthy and safety while particiapting in activtiy/sport
2) gather ingo regarding gen health, matturaity, ffitness level at thebeg
3) idenetify those are risk for particpating in PA
what is another name for preparticpation medical examination (PPME)
pre season medical examination
when is the PPME perfroemd
PRESEASON annullay (or bi annualy)
what is the 1st goal of PPME
determine gen health and immunization status
what is the 2nd goal of PPME
Detect medical conditions that have not healed or predisposed individual to injury or illness
what is the 3rd goal of PPME
Identify behaviours posing a risk to health
what is the 4th goal of PPME
Establish baseline parameters for determining when athlete can return to activity
what is the 5th goal of PPME
Assess physical maturity
what is the 6th goal of PPME
Evaluate physical fitness
what is thr 7th goal of PPME
Classify readiness to participate
what is the 8th goal of PPME
Recommend appropriate activities to individuals with medical contraindications to exercise
what is the 9th goal of PPME
Meet legal and insurance requirements
how does a bi annual PPME work
they do a entry medical
and exit medical
give an example of behaviors posing a risk to health
smoking, drugs, alcohol, meds, bad behavior
what is meant by “assess ophysical maturity”
looking for younger athletes
ex: growth paltes not fusing, have they gotten their periods, etc)
what is needed to classify an individual as ready to participate
clearange by physician
true or false: it is a good idea to do PPME in a huge gym with a lot of people
false, it is better to be in a calm, isolated area
why is the PPME ideally completed by primary care physican
allows for easy refferals and clearange
true or flase: PPME can be done in group formates
true, you can have multiple HCP like supervising physicsions, ATs physios etc
what do teams do to acceralte the process of a PPME
set up stations (medical, physcial, eye exam etc)
when is a PPME ideally completed and why
6 weeks before start of PA because
1) it allows time to correct problems or to be reffered to specialists
2) allows time to see all the patients without being rushed
how is the medical hisotry usually given
in the form of wrriten form
is the medical hisotry usually done before or during PPME and why
before to save time
what are examples of things assessed in a medical history examination
Immunizations/ vaccines Infectious diseases LOC Headaches MSK injuries Cardiovascular and respiratory questions- SOB, heart palpitations, irregular heart beat… Seizures Eating disorders Contact lenses, corrective glasses Special equipment (pads, braces, eye guards, neck rolls etc) Family history
during a physical exam what things are assessed
Vital Signs General Medical problems CV examination (ECG) Pulmonary examination Neurological examination Eye examination Dental examination Gastrointestinal examination Genitourinary examination Dermatological Examination Examination for Heat Disorders
true or false: the pulmonary exam doesnt need to be done is CV is done
false, theyre usually done together
what are you looking for in a pulmonary exam (physical signs)
coouhging spells, abnormal breathing sounds, assymetry ot lungs movement
what are you looking for in a pulmonary exam (history(
history of allergies or asthma attacks
during a pulmonary exam you are checking for excessive coughing during PA
false, also AFTER pa
what are some exmaples of abnomral breathing sounds during pulmonary exam
wheezing, crackles, rhonchi, rubs, rales and abnormal breathing rates.
what are tthe thigns you are looking for in a neurological exam
PEARLA cranial nerve assess myotomes/dermatomes deep tendon reflexes SCAT (concussion tools)
what does PEARLA stand for and how is it performed
pupiles equal and round, reactive to light and accomdoate
done with apenlight in and with both eyes
what are some ways to assess cranial nerves
smile, read allowed, follow the light, periphereal, smile, hearing
what is myotome testing
ability to conttract muscles in specfic location testing every vertbrea
what is dermatone testing
ability to eel a sensation on skin assessing evry vert.
true or false: SCAT can be used even without a concussion
true, it can be used to establish a baseline
what is another example of a concussion assessment tool that is not SCAT
imPACT
what are you doing during the eye exam
looking for emmetropia (20/20 vision)
check if person can read letters on the 20 ft line of the eye chart when standing 20 ft away
what is myopia synomym
nearsightness
what is myopia and what is it caused by
where seeing far is blurry
light rays are focussed infront of retina
shape of eye is more oval horizontally
hypermetripia symnoym
farsightness
what is hypermetropia and what is it caused by
where seeing close is blurry
light rays are focussed behind retina
shape of eye is oval vertically
what is nystigmas
checking for cyclical mvoement of eyes
do not watn pupil to make quick rapid movements
what is anisocoria and why is it imporant to note
uneven pupil size
need to note if they have this pre season since it can be a sign of head injury
who is the dental exam usually completed by
dentist
why is it good to have a dentist to the dental exam
they can do custom moutguards
true or false: during dental exam you are only assessing risk of losing teeth
false you are also checking health of gums
how can you check for health of gums
check for
gingivitus
bacteria
tender,swollen, bleeding gums
what are you assessing in the gastrointensitnal exam
checking health of digestive system, eating habits and nutrition
why is palpating organs impornant during gastro exam
liver (check for help)
spleen (since the spleen is full of blood, during contract sports it can rupture and cause internal bleeding)
what is imporant to check in weight control sports
flag for eating disorders
what are you looking for in females during gastrourinary exam
checking for
menstral hisotry (risk for osteopenia, stress fractures, osteoportis)
-pregnancy
what are you lookiing for in males for gastrourinary tests
injury to testes, number of tetes, any massess
what organ is assessed during gastrourinarty
kidney (warned with risk of contract sports)
dermatological exams are the most important for what kinds of sports
contact sports
what are you hcecking for during a dermatological exam
contagious lesions
what are some examples of contragious legions
herpes simplex (cold sores)
impetigo
tinea capitis/corporis (ringworm rash)
true or false: heat exams aren important in sports
false they are especially important in activities that take place under high temp, high humidiity or combo
what hisotry are you looking for during heat disorder exam
history of cramping, sympcompe, exahustions, heat stroke, sick cell trait
why is someone with sick cell anemia need to be identified during exam
since they are at risk for dehydration or sickle cell episode
why are examining medications during the heat exam important
because some can affect bodys ability to realse heat (antihistamine) or can dehydrate someone
what are some things testest during physical fitness profile
Anthropometry and body composition Maturation and growth spurts may affect participation Male 14years, females 12years Affect balance, flexibility Flexibility Strength, Power and Speed Agility, Balance and Reaction Time Cardiovascular Endurance
who determines level of participating based on findigns
physician
what 3 questions do phyiscians ask when clearign an individual
Will the condition increase risk of injury to athlete or other participants?
Can participation be allowed if medication, rehabilitation, or protective bracing or padding is used?
If clearance is denied for a particular activity, are there other activities in which the individual can participate?
