lecture 17: intrto to special pops Flashcards
what are the special populations
female atheletes
senior
athlets with physical and itnellectueal disability
what are some examples of athletes with physical and interllecttural disabi;lites
amputees
paralysis
CP
MS
what is the female athlete triad
low energy availability/disordered eatinng
bone loss/osteoporosis
menstrual distrubances/amenorrhea
what is amenorrhead
loss of menstral periods
under fuileding the body can lead to what in women
lowered estrogen production
what are some causes of amenorhea
Low body fat, weight loss, excessive exercise, vegetarian, chronic disease,
osteoporosis, infections etc.
what is oligomenorrhead
infrequent menstrual cycles (6-9 a years)
what is oligomenorrhea caused by
strenous acitvity and weightloss
what type of athleete women is at risk of oligomenorrhea
runenrs
what is dysmenorrhea
menstrual cramps
what is menorrhagia
- Menstrual bleeding lasting longer than 7 days
* Heavy menstrual flow
what is menstral induced leg pain associated with
associated with ovulation
pre menstrual fluid retention
what is endometriosis
• Presence of uterine endometrial tissue outside of normal location
what are the SS of endometriosis
Severe pelvic pain, pain, dysmenorrhea, infertility- 10% of women
what condition can cause inferitlity
endometriosis
what are ovarian systs
benignn cysts around the ovary sysem
where can ovarian cyts develop
at site of ruptured ovarian follicle immediately after ocvulation
where can there be psin with ovarian cysts
Pelvic pain, low back pain, acute spastic abdominal pain
what is disordered deating
not diagnosed with actual connfition subclinical levels (ex: making a wieight class)
what are 2 common eating disorders
anorexia nervosa
bullimia nervosia
what is anorexia nervosa
refusal to maintain weight at minimal normal level, severe fear or gaining weight, amenorrhea
what is bullimea nervosa
binge eating, compensatory behaviours to prevent weight
gain (i.e purging, excessive exercise), 2x/week for 3 months, self evaluation
overly influenced by body shape and weight
bullimia and anorexia is usually assocaited with what
mental health issues
90% of anorexia is diagnosed in what populatioinn
female atheltes
what is osteopororis
decreased bone mass and strength
with osteoporosis, there is an increased risk of what
fractures (stress)
what are some common areas of frctures related ot osteoporosis
verttebral body, proximal femur and distal radius
when does cortical bone reach peak density
40 yrs
when does trabecular bone sttart having osteo
20 yrs
you lose blank percent of bone mass per year
1%
what are the risk factors of osteoporosis
- Low calcium intake
- Sedentary life
- Tobacco use
- Being underweight
- Amenorrhea related to bone density loss
- Estrogen deficiency
- Decreased bone mineral content
why is sedentary life a risk factor for osteo
nneed increase bone impact/stress mechanial loading on bone
what are the warning signs fo a female athlete triad?
• Frequent or unexplained injuries, especially stress
fractures
• Excessive or compulsive exercise
• Change in performance (loss of strength, endurance,
speed)
• Impaired concentration
• irregular menstrual cycles
• Restrictive eating masked as “performance
enhancing” meal plan
• Use of weight loss products or supplements
what is a common warning sign for female athelte traid
irregular periods
restrictive eating/weight loss supplemetns
unexplained injuries
why is there increased joint laxity in pregnancy
increased hormones (ex: progesterone and relaxin)
what should you avoid when youre preg because of joint laxity
ballsitric movements
what are 4 reasons that PA is important for pregnancy
• Maintain level of tension • Avoid excessive weight gain • Avoid hypertension, water retention • Gestational Diabetesànot enough insulin to handle higher BG
what is gestratinal diabetes
`not enough
insulin to handle higher BG
why are women more likely to suffer from hypertension during pregnancy
water retention
why is it important to maintain level of tension on body during pregnancy
to activate the muscles and allow for jt stability
what are sme postural considerations for pregancy
increased weight on anterior side=kyphosis (need to increase strenght of back muscles)
=may eventaully led to lordogtic kyphtoic posture
what is the exaecise prescription for pregnancy
30 min of more of PA (more previously healthy and uncomplicated preg)
weight training for maintenance more than gain
how long post partum should you wait for exrecise
6 weeks
if you were sedentary before pregnancy its recommended to do 30 minutes of PA during pregangcy
no , that recommendation is for previously healthy
start slower
what is an absolute contnrindication for exercise with pregnancy
if there is a complicated pregnancy
wht are some causes of traumatic amputation
MVA, explosions, machinery, objects falling, getting
trapped
what are some cases for surgical amputations
if blood supply to an injured limb is lost (necrosis)
what is congenital amputation and waht is it caused by
birth without a part of limb or limbs (known to be
caused by blood clots forming in the fetus causing restriction to developing
limb
what is paralysis
inability tto move in part of most of the body
what are some reasons for paralysis in terms of an injury
Injury
spinal cord (traumatic or congenital), spina bifida (congential defect
of spine in which cord and meninges are exposed)
true or false: plants cannot lead to paralysis
false
what is an example of an illness that casuses paraylsis
post polio paralysis (viral disease)
what are some common injuries (repetive injuries) for wheelchair users
- Muscular strains and contusions
- Sprains, tendinitis, bursitis
- Blisters, calluses
- Lacerations, abrasions, and cuts
- Pressure sores
- Arthritis and joint disorders
- Fractures
- Hand weakness or numbness
- Hypo and hyperthermia
what are some common places for tendinitis in wheelchair users
shoulders and buceps
what are some common palces for bursitis in wheelchair users
medal and lateral epicondylitis
what si the problem with lack of senstation in paralysis
they may be injured and not feel it ex; pressure sores which can lead to infectiond)
what are the most common causes of visual impairment and blindess
uncorrected refractive errors and cataracts (WHO)
what are some cgallenges associated with visual imapirement
- Unseen barriers
- Failure to be able to respond to visual cues (Require auditory assistance)
- Thought to fatigue more quickly, as one sense is taken away
what is the most common problem for amputations
irritation at the junction of the amputated limb and the posthetic device
why is there Irritation at the junction of the
amputated limb and prosthetic
device
beccause of a decreased sensation increase risk of injection
what is CP
Non-progressive lesion or
malformation of the brain that interferes with normal brain development before, during or immediately after birth
CP damages what areas of the brain
the areas that control muscle tone and spinal reflexes
those with CP have a limited ability to do what
move and maintain posture and balalance
what is multiple sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is
thought to be an autoimmune
disease of the central nervous
system (brain, spinal cord)
what does MS disease attach and what does that cause
The disease attacks myelin,
the protective covering of the nerves, causing inflammation and often damaging the myelin
why is meylin necessary
for transmission of nerve impulses thru nerve fibers
is CP progressive?
no
is MS progressive
yes
what are some SS for MS
- Balance/Dizziness
- Bladder/Bowel Dysfunction
- Cognitive Impairment
- Depression
- Fatigue
- Gait (difficulty in walking)
- Optic neuritis
- Pain
- Paroxysmal (sudden/severe attack) Symptoms
- Sensory Impairment, Numbness / Tingling
- Sexual Dysfunction
- Spasticity (see also Pain)
- Tremor
- Uhthoff’s Phenomena (Heat Intolerance)
- Weakness
• Uhthoff’s Phenomena
Heat Intolerance)
what is the treatment for someone expereincing an MS attack after physical acitivtiy
cool body temp and incrase hydration to improve symptoms
what is the caue of Intellectual disability
idiopahtic (but thought to be inherited by person’s parents)
what are some example of intellectual disability
downsydrome
fragile X
those with neurodevelopmental disroders have issues with what
disorderàIssues with conceptual skills, social skills and
practice skillsàIQs of 75 points of lower
what is the IQ for ID
75 or lower
what are some ways to identity intellectual disability young
limitations in adaptive behavior nd disability manifestied and documented prior to 18 years old
true or false; aging plats a role in neurological and musculoskseltal injureis
true
what are some neurological and musculosketal injuries associates with aging
- Decrease in density of collagen
- Lower tissue elasticity
- Deterioration of muscle fibers
- Joint degeneration
what are some upper extremity and spinal considerations for the senior athlete
- Adhesive capsulitis
- Subacromial bursitis
- Subacromial impingement
- Kyphosis
- Lumbar disc herniation’s and DDD
what arte some lower extremity considerations for the senior athlete
- Poor flexibility- strains
- Muscle weaknesses and imbalances
- IT band friction syndrome, bursitis
- Degenerative meniscus tears
- Osteoarthritis, osteochondral lesions
- Plantar fasciitis- heel spurs
- Fractures- falls
