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CATA 263 > lecture 18: systemic conditions > Flashcards

lecture 18: systemic conditions Flashcards

1
Q

what is anemia

A

Reduction of RBC volume (eg. Hematocrit) or
hemoglobin concentration

or low iron

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2
Q

what are some reasons for Reduction of RBC volume (eg. Hematocrit) or
hemoglobin concentration

A

Impaired RBC formation, excessive loss, or destruction of RBC

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3
Q

what is the function of iron in the form of hemoglobin

A
  • Carries oxygen
  • Storage in muscles
  • Transport of electrons
  • Helps with enzyme reactions
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4
Q

true or false: insuffienct iron amoutns is acceptable

A 
false
Insufficient amounts of iron can interfere with vital
function and lead to serious illness or even death
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5
Q

what does anemia reduce in terms of physical excerise

A
  • Maximum aerobic capacity
  • Decreases physical work capacity at submax levels
  • Increases lactic acidosis
  • Increases fatigue
  • Decreases time to exhaustion
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6
Q

true or false: anemia increases lactic acidosis

A

true

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7
Q

anemia reduces or increases max aerpbic capaity

A

reduces

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8
Q

anemia decreases of incnreases physical work capacity and sub max levels

A

decreases

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9
Q

true or false: you get more easily faituged with anemia

A

true

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10
Q

what are some SS of anemia

A

palpitations, fatigue, muscle burning, nausea,
SOB, appetite for substances with little or no
nutritional value, spoon shaped nails, drying scaling
and fissures of lips, inflammation of tongue

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11
Q

why may there be msucle burning in anemia

A

not able to properly remove CO2 and waste because the lack of iron/hemoglobin therefore theres no 02 coming in

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12
Q

what is a sign of anemia in the hands

A

spoon shaped nails

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13
Q

what is a sign of anemia in the tongue

A

inflammationn of the tonngue

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14
Q

what are some predisoping factors for anemia

A
  • Family history
  • Poor diet (fad diets, disordered eating) or dietary restrictions (vegetarian)
  • Excessive menstrual flow/pregnancy/childbirth
  • Chronic bleeding
  • Disadvantaged socioeconomic background
  • Chronic use of aspirin or NSAIDs
  • Cancer
  • Volunteer blood donor
  • Diminished hepatic, renal or thyroid dysfunction
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15
Q

true or false: diet does not contribute to anemia

A

false, a poor diet (fad diets, disordered eating) or dietary resitrictions like vegetarian can be a predisposing fator

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16
Q

do meds have an effect on anemia

A

yes chronic use of aspirin or NSAIDs can be predisposing factors

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17
Q

what is the most common nutritional deficency wordlwide

A

iron deficency

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18
Q

what population is not as affected by iron defience anemia

A

not common in men 18+ or post menopausal women

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19
Q

what is the treatment for iron deficeicny anemia

A 
• Increase iron
ex: Red meat or dark poultry
• Vegetarianàlegumes, grains,
nuts/seeds
• Iron supplementation
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20
Q

what is the function of vitamin c for anemia

A

enhances iron absorption

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21
Q

what liquid should you avoid with iron deficency anemia and why

A

Avoid caffeine products- hinders iron absorption from grains

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22
Q

true or false: there is only 1 type of anemia>?

A

false there is 3

1) iron defiency anemia
2) exercuse induced hemolytic anemia
3) sickle cell anemia

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23
Q

what is another name for runners anemia

A

exercise induced hemolytic anemia

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24
Q

what is the main reason behind exrcise induced hemolytic anemia

A

RBCS are restroyed during exercise

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25
Q

how are rbcs destroyed during exercise

A

beacuse of repetive trama

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26
Q

explain some reasons because foot strike hemolysis

A

• Overweight, run on hard surfaces, poor absorption, limited cushioning in shoes

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27
Q

explain some reasons for intravascular hemolysis

A

• Intravascular hemolysis
• Swimmer, rowers
• Muscle contractions, acidosis or
increased body temperature

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28
Q

can exercise induced hemolytic anemia be improved?

A

yes AT can help limit the repetive trauma (ex: not hitting the floor so hard when running)

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29
Q

where is the sickle cell gene common?

A

Sickle cell gene is common in people whose origin is in areas where
malaria is widespread
• Example: Africa, Middle East, Caribbean, South and Central America

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30
Q

is sickle cell anemia more common in white or black people

A

black peiple

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31
Q

what is sickle cell anemia

A

Abnormalities in RBC

=Clump together and block vessels, leading to occulusion or infacts in CNS
organs such as heart, lungs, spleen

= Unable to transport oxygen

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32
Q

what is sickle cell anemia attributed to

A

Inheriting an autosomal recessive gene or to possessing two sickle genes

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33
Q

true or false: sickle cell aneamia is mostly asymptomatic

A

true

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34
Q

what is the problem with heat/humidity and high altitude in people with sickle cell anemia

A

may lead to dehydration, increased body temp, hypoxia, acidosis

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35
Q

what are some signs and symptoms associated to oxygen deprivation in sickle cell anemia

A

Re occurrent bouts of swollen/painful hands/feet, irregular heart beat, muscle
weakness, extreme fatigue, headache, muscle cramping, extreme pain

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36
Q

sickle cell collapse can be mistaken for what

A

heat collapse or cardiac collapse

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37
Q

what is the onset for sickle cell collapse

A

often occurs first 30 minutse on the field (core temp not greately elevated)

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38
Q

what is the treatment for sickle cell anemia collapse

A

Treatment: no cure, hydration is key (dec. caffeine), build up slowly with PA
levels, more rest between reps, acclimatize to altitude and heat, control
asthma etc.

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39
Q

what os the difference between heat cramp and sickle cell in terms of cramping

A

heat cramping often has a prodrome of muscle twinges (actual spasms) whereas sickle does not

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40
Q

where is the pain greater, in heat cramping or sickle cells

A

heat cramping pain is more excrutation

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41
Q

what is the difference in the “stopping” during exercise between heat cramp and sickle cell

A

What stops the athlete is different – heat crampers hobble to a halt with “locked-up” muscles, while sickling players slump to the ground with weak muscles

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42
Q

what is the difference in physical findings b/w heat cramp and sickle cell

A

heat crampers writhe and yell in pain,
with muscles visibly contracted and rock-hard; whereas,

sicklers lie fairly
still, not yelling in pain, with muscles that look and feel normal

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43
Q

is recovery faster for sicle cell collapse or heat cramping

A

sickling players caught early and treated

right recover faster than players with major heat cramping (7).

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44
Q

what is the name for bleeding disorder

A

hemophiliia

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45
Q

hemophilia is caused by a deffiency is what system

A

clotting system

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46
Q

what are the SS of hemophiliea

A

large or deep bruises, joint pain and swelling caused by internal bleeding, intramuscular bleeding, blood in urine or stool and prolonged bleeding from procedures

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47
Q

what is lymphangitis

A

inflammation of the lymphatic channels as a result of infection at a site distal to the vessels

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48
Q

how do pathogenic organisms invate lymphatic vessels

A

thourgh abraisions/wounds or other infections

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49
Q

what are some SS of lymphangitus

A

local inflammation, red streaks, headache, loss of appetite,
fevers, chills, malaise, and muscle aches
• Can progress rapidly

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50
Q

what is the treatment for lymphangitis

A

refer, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory medication, possible drainage
of an absess

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51
Q

red streaks on the skin are associated with what disease

A

lymphangistus

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52
Q

what is syncompe

A

sudden LOC “fainting)

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53
Q

hypertension is elevated…

A

bp

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54
Q

hypertension increases your risk of what

A

CV disease

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55
Q

what are some risk factors for hypertension

A

Age, obesity, alcohol abuse, race, sex, smoking, heredity, diabetes

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56
Q

what is the values for pre hypertensive hypertension

A

120-139

or 80-89

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57
Q

what is stage 1 hyprtension

A

140-159 or 90-99

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58
Q

hypotension is an elevated or decreased BP

A

lower bp

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59
Q

what is the problem with hypotension

A

inadeqate blood circulated to heart and vital organs

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60
Q

what is sudden cardiac death

A

Unexpected death resulting from sudden cardiac arrest shortly after
exertion (<1 hours) where other definitions include any SCD from
exertional or other events due to acquired coronary artery disease.

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61
Q

what is the leadingn cause of death in young adults

A

sudden cardiac death

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62
Q

who is at a higher risk for suden cardiac death

A

males, black athletes and basketball players

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63
Q

are women or men more likely to have an increased death rate for sudden cardica death

A

men

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64
Q

what is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in individuals younger than 35 years

A

hyertrophic cardiomyotpathy

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65
Q

what is hyperrtophic cardiomyotpahy

A

abnormal thickeneinng of left ventricle wall

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66
Q

true or false: during routine physical examination, hypertrophic cardiomyotpathy

A

false, it can go undetetcted

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67
Q

what is the normal left venticle size vs hypertrophic cardiomyophaty

A

normal 1cm

HCM greater than 3 cm

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68
Q

when is Hypertrophic cardiomyotathy suspected in young atheletes

A

Suspected in young athlete with exertional dyspnea, chest pain,
unexplained syncope, palpitations or prior recognition of heart
murmur

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69
Q

what is the problem with a larger left ventricle

A

can lead to electrical problems and abnornal rhythems

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70
Q

what is myocarditis

A

Inflammatory condition of the muscular walls due to bacterial or viral infection
• Abnormally enlarged left ventricle

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71
Q

what is the problem with inflammation of the musclarwalls of the heart

A

can lead to degenration or death of muscle cells

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72
Q

what can myocarditis cause

A

electrical isntability and life threathening arryhtmias

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73
Q

what are tthe SS of myocarditus

A

maybe asymptomatic, fever, body aches, fatigue, cough or vomiting
• Exercise intolerance, SOB, and more serious cardiac symptoms

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74
Q

does marfan symftom lead to SCD

A

not necessary but it can lead to a weakened aorta q

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75
Q

what is marfan syndrome and what can it affect

A

Genetic disorder of the
connective tissue that can affect the skeleton, lungs, eyes, heart and blood vessels

• Single mutant gene, usually
inherited

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76
Q

what are some SS of marfan syndrome

A

overly long extremities
• Joint hypermobile

  • Pigeon chest (sunken chest)
  • Stretch marks
  • Scoliosis
  • Increased incidence of hernias
  • Positive thumb test and wrist test
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77
Q

what is the positive of the chest for marfan syndrome

A

pigeon chest (sunken chest)

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78
Q

what is a headache

A

Irritation of one or more of the pain0sentitive structures or tissues in
the head/neck

• Including cranial arteries and veins, CN’s and spinal nerves, cranial and
cervical muscles, and the meninges.

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79
Q

what are some causes of headaches

A
  • Organic disorders (toxins, systemic diseases)
  • Psychoneurological problems (nervous tension, fatigue, worry, excitement)

• Environmental (head trauma, bright lights, noise, altitude change, sunstroke,
motion sickness or irritants like smoke, pollen)

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80
Q

how long do migraine headaches usually alst

A

4-72 hours

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81
Q

who are more likelt to get migraines and why

A

women because of change in estrogen levels that are linked to migraines

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82
Q

what are some common ttriggers for migaines

A

Common triggers- caffeine, missed meals, too much or little sleep, stress, bright
lights, strong odors, change in altitude, red grapes, aspartame

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83
Q

explain migraines without aura

A

Pulsating quality, aggravated by PA, nausea, photo/phonophobia, desire to lay down
in dark room

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84
Q

explain migraines with aura

A

Develops over 5 min and last 60 min

• Unilateral visual, sensory, and other sensory or CNS symptoms such as reversible
changes in speech, motor or visual chances

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85
Q

what is the most common type of headache

A

tension type headaches

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86
Q

where are tension type headaches most common (what part of brain)

A

Typically in frontal or occipital region bilaterally spreading over the
entire head
• Pressing or tightening quality

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87
Q

what is tthe typical duration for tension type headaches

A

30 min-7 days

88
Q

what are some SS of tension type headaches

A

mild nausea, phonophobia, photophobia

89
Q

when can you consider it a chronic tension type headache

A

Chronic TTHs are present at least 15 days per month for at least 6 months

90
Q

what are cluster headaches

A

Severe unilateral pain, either orbitally or supraorbitally, or temporally or a
combination of these sites, that lasts from 15-180 minutes

91
Q

true or false: cluster headaches always occur 5x a day

A

false, can occur from every othre day to 8x a day and often wake a patient up from sleep

92
Q

what type of headache often wakes someone up from sleep

A

cluster headaches

93
Q

what is the least common type of headache

A

cluster headaches

94
Q

what gender is more likely to get cluster headaches

95
Q

how are cluster headaches often describes

A

Often described as unilateral, stabbing, boring, burning, clusters or groups
can last 3 weeks to 3 months, followed by headache free periods months to years

96
Q

cluster headaches are associated with at lead 2 of the following factors …

A

• Conjunctival infection, lacrimation, nasal congestion, forehead/facial sweating,
pupillary contraction, lid drooping, and eyelid edema

• Agitation during attacks

97
Q

how are most headaches treated

A

with drug therapy (over the counter pain relivers like acetomineaphinen)

98
Q

true or false: there is only drug therapy to help with headaches

A

false, stress reduction can also be helpful for some patients

99
Q

when is a CT scan or MRI necessrery with headaches

A

• CT scan or MRI may be necessary if other techniques fail to determine if there is a structural disorder of the CNS

100
Q

how is meningitus most commonly caused

A

by bacteria or a virus

101
Q

what are some other causes of meningitus besides bacteria or virus

A 
Can occur from blow to head*, cancers, inflammatory diseases, reaction
to medications (especially ibuprofen)
102
Q

explain viral meningitus

A

• Usually mild and clears on its own 1-2 weeks

• Viruses associated with mumps, herpes infection, or other diseases as well as
polluted water can cause this

103
Q

explain bacterial meningtigus

A
  • Streptococcus, requires antibiotics
  • Caused by infection from other part of body and travels through bloodstream to brain and spinal cord
  • Contagious through exposure to bacteria (coughs, sneezes, sharing things)
104
Q

wht type of meningitus is a medical emergency

105
Q

is meningitis fatal

A

10% of cases of fatal

106
Q

meningitus has similar symtpoms to what other sickness

107
Q

what are some SS of meningtisu

A

High Fever, severe headaches, cervical rigidity, vomiting, irritability,
lack of appetite, photophobia, lack of energy, mental confusion

• Neurological complications (blindness, deafness, loss of speech,
learning disabilities)

108
Q

whta is encephalitis

A

inflammation of the functional brain tissue

109
Q

is encephalitis a bacterial or viral infection

110
Q

how is encephalitis spread

A

by insects (mosquotis)

111
Q

what is primary encephalitis

A

direct viral invasion of brain and spinal chord (fever and headache to start)

112
Q

what is secondary encephalois

A

viral infection in other part of body and overreaction of the immunte system

113
Q

what is the treatment for encephalitis

A 
Antiviral medication
NSAIDs
Improve immune
system (nutrition,
physical activity, stress
reduction)
114
Q

what is Complex Regional Pain Syndromes

A

chronic pain disorder lasting longer than 6 mtnhs

presents of regionnal pain and sensory changes followed by a noxious events

115
Q

what are some findings associated with Complex Regional Pain Syndromes

A

• Associated with findings such as abnormal skin colour, temperature
changes, abnormal sweating, hypersensitivity, subnormal edema, and

significant motor function
• These findings exceeds the magnitude of the known physical damage

116
Q

what gender and age is more affected by complex regional pain syndrome

A 
more women
any age (peak 40)
117
Q

what is the treatment for complex regional pain syndromes

A

Pain reduction therapy, NSAIDs (systemic or local),nerve blocks, psychological improvement, movement

118
Q

upper respiratory tract infections are very damaging or no>

A

minor but can affect perfomance

119
Q

when should you not participate in exercise with an upper respiratory tract infections

A

Do not participate if ever (>100.5F/38C), severe malaise, myalgia,
weakness, SOB, and/or severe cough or if they are dehydrated

120
Q

what is the virus associated with the cold

A

most common the human rhinovirus

121
Q

how is the common cold transmitted

A

direct contract or airborne dropplets

122
Q

when does a cold usually behin

A

1-2 daus after exposire and can continue for 2-3 wekks

123
Q

when should you resume PA after a cold

A

• Physical performance decreaseresume
activity a few days after
symptom cessation

124
Q

what are the SS of common coldn

A 
• Rhinorrhea
• Nasal itching
• Sneezing, unproductive cough
• Itching and puffy eyes
• Associate itching and puffiness of
the eyes
125
Q

sinusitus is an indlammation of what

A

paranal sinus

126
Q

what is sinusitis caused by

A

bacteria, virus,

allergy or environmental factors

127
Q

when is sinusitis suspected

A

adter a common cold lasts more than 7-10 days

128
Q

what are tthe ss of sinusitus

A

• S/S- nasal congestion, facial pain (upper teeth), pressure (eyes), nasal discharge, coughing, palpable pain in sinuses, fever, chills, swelling of eyes, tension headaches

129
Q

what is the fancy name for sore throat

A

pharyngitis

130
Q

true or false: pharyngitis can only be caused by viral infectio

A

false, also bactterial and fungal

131
Q

pharyngitis may results from what

A

May result from common cold or influenza, streptococcal infection,
HSV1or2, candidiasis, etc

132
Q

what is the appearance of the tonsils in pharyngitis

A

Dark red tonsils, swollen, pus discharge may be present

133
Q

what atre the SS of pharyngitis

A

Pain with swallowing, may radiate to ears, common cold symptoms may also be presents

134
Q

what tissues are swollen in laryngitis

A

tissues inferior to epiglottis are swollen and inflammed

135
Q

laryngitis is swelling after the BLANKS

A

vocal cprds (cannot vibrate normally)

136
Q

laryngitus is common with what

A

with cold, trauma to throat, allergies, cigarette smoking,

general irritation of straining vocal cords

137
Q

what are the SS of laryngitis

A

Weak, hoarse, gravelly voice, sore throat, fever, cough, tickling in throat,
difficulty swallowing

138
Q

what is tonsilitis

A

the inflammation of tonsils

139
Q

how is tonsilitis often caused by

A

Often causes by streptococcal infection
• Sometimes by viral infections, such as flu, cold, mononucleosis or herpes simplex
• Contagious- cough, sneeze, nasal fluids

140
Q

what are the SS of tonsilitis

A

white specks or white excaudate on tonsils, swollen lymph nodes,
headache, bad breath

141
Q

what can occur along with tonsilitis

A

pharyngitis

142
Q

if you have white specks on tonsils, what condition do you hsve

A

tonsilitis

143
Q

if you have dark swollen tonsils, what condition would you have

A

pharyngitis

144
Q

what is bronchitis

A

Inflammation of mucosal lining of tracheobronchial tree

145
Q

what is bronchitis caused by

A

infection or inhaled particular

146
Q

true or false: bronchitis can be chronic or acute

147
Q

what is an example of chronnic bronchitis

148
Q

what arte the SS of bronchitis

A
  • Bronchial swelling, mucus secretion, increases resistance to expiration
  • Coughing, wheezing, mucus production
149
Q

in bronchitis, there will be wheezing in what pahse of breathing

A

exhalation

150
Q

in bronchitis there is increased resistance on inhalation or expiration

A

expiration

151
Q

what is influenza caused by

A

Haemophilus influenza (A,B, or C)

152
Q

what are the SS of influenza

A

• Fever (39-39.5C, 102F-103F), chills, malaise, headache, general muscle aches,
hacking cough, inflamed mucous membranes
• Rapid onset within 24-48 hours after exposure
• Sore throat, watery eyes, photophobia and non productive cough may linger
for 5 days

153
Q

true or false: the flu can lead to bronchitis

154
Q

what is the traatment of the flu

A

fluids, saltwater gargles, cough medication, analgesics to
control fever/aches/pain. If fever does not return to near normal
within 24 hours, seek physician care

155
Q

when should you seek physician care with the flu

A

if fever does not return to near nromal within 24 bh

156
Q

wnhat are some difference variattions of corona virus

A

SARs, MARs, SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2…

157
Q

how is covid spread

158
Q

what are the SS of covid

A

• Fever, chills, headache, general malaise, loss of appetite, respiratory
symptoms
• Cough, SOB
• Can lead to hypoxia and develop pneumonia

159
Q

what can coronaravirus lead to

A

hypoxia and pneumonia

160
Q

pneumoia is the inflammation of

161
Q

what population is at greater risk of pneumoni a

A

65+ and sedentary

162
Q

what happens to the alveoli in pneumonai

A

• Alveoli fill with pus and fluid, preventing oxygen from

transferring to bloodstream

163
Q

what aret some SS of pneumonnai a

A

Shaking, chills, high fever, sweating,
chest pain, and cough (producing
thick phlegm-green, rust or yellow

164
Q

what is known as the kissing disease

A

infectious mononucleoisis

165
Q

how is mono transmitted

166
Q

what age is more at risk of mono

167
Q

what is the incubation period for mono

A

30-50 days

168
Q

what virus causes mono

A

epstein barr (in herpes fam)

169
Q

what are the SS of infectious monoclueoisis

A
  • General feeling of malaise and fatigue
  • 3-5 days- fever, swollen lymph glands, sore throat (unable to swallow)
  • Enlarged and vulnerable spleen
  • Avoid contact/collision sports
170
Q

what condition can cause an enlarged and vulnerable spleen

A

infectious mono

171
Q

what is GERD stand for

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease

172
Q

what is gerd

A

Gastric juice regurgitates into the esophagus

• Very acidic

173
Q

what are some causes of GERD

A

• Eats/drinks to much, obesity, pregnancy, running

174
Q

whatt are some SS of GERD

A

mild heartburn, upper chest pain

175
Q

what is gastroenteritis

A

Acute inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach or small
intestine

176
Q

what is another name for gastroenteritis

A

intestinal flu, traveler’s diarrhea, or food poisoning

177
Q

what is gastroenteritus caused by

A

Bacterial, viral, allergic reaction, medication, parasites, contaminated food,
emotional stress

178
Q

what arre some SS of gastro

A

indigestion, nausea, gas, sour stomach, cramping, diarrhea, fever,
vomiting, lead to dehydration

179
Q

irritable bowel syndomr ie a disorder of what

180
Q

Abdominal pain and altered bowel function (constipation, diarrhea) are assocaited with what condition

A

irritatble power syndrome

181
Q

whatt are the causes of IBS

A

Can be psychological in origin, some physiological irritation or errors in
GI tract

182
Q

IBS needs to last for at least how long

183
Q

in iBS you have 2/3 what symtpoms

A

relief with defecation, change in frequency or appearance of

stool

184
Q

what is the treatment for IBS

A

refer to physician for blood/stool samples, dietary

modifications, adequate rest, exercise and stress reduction

185
Q

crohns disease is considered what type of enteritis

A

regional enteritis

186
Q

cronhs disease is a Serious, chronic inflammation, usually of what regions

A

of the distal ileum and colon

187
Q

true or false; the cause of cronh’s is unknowen

188
Q

croh’s disease inflammation extends through all layers of intestinl wall which results in what

A

resulting in thickening or toughening of the wall and narrowing of the lumen

189
Q

what are the SS of chrons disease

A

chronic abdominal pain in lower right quadrant, diarrhea 10-20x/day,
loss of appetite, weight loss, malnutrition, sores in anal region

190
Q

what are some complications of cronhs

A

joint pain, eye problems, skin rash, liver disease

191
Q

hyperthyroidism is the overproduction of what

192
Q

what is hypothyroidsm

A

insufficient quality of thyroid tissue, loss of functional tissue, excessive
or insufficient iodine in diet, certain medicines

193
Q

in hypertthyroidism is there weightt gain or loss

A

sudden weigh loss

194
Q

true or false: goiter is on\ly associated with hypothyroidsm

A

false, also hyper

195
Q

in hyperthyroidsm, is your skin usually sweaty or dry

A

in hyper: sweaty

in hypo: dry

196
Q

true or faslse: both hyper and hypothyroidsm affected menstral pattersn

197
Q

consitpations are associatied with hypo or hyper thyroidism

198
Q

what is the function of the pancreas

A

Produce digestive juices, secrete the hormones insulin and glucagon
into bloodstream

199
Q

what is the elading cause of acute pancreastis

A

Gallstones leading cause (move

into pancreas)

200
Q

where is there pain in pancreatitus

A

Abdominal pain, referred to

back or chest

201
Q

true or flalse: alcohol improves the pain associated with pancreastis

A

false, worsens pain

202
Q

true or falsel: acute pancreatiis requires immediate medical attension

203
Q

whatt is the problem of gallstrones that move into the pancrease

A

block the flow of pancreatic juices

204
Q

in chronic pancreatitis there is permanent damage to structures and function nwhy

A

to progressive inflammation

205
Q

what is the leading cause of chronic pancreatitus

206
Q

in chronic panncreatitis, what happenns to the cells

A

cells tahtt produce insulinn are impaired causeinng diabetes

207
Q

know the diabetes table???

208
Q

what are the diabetic complications in terms of vascular and nerve

A
  • Affect ability to feelàimportant for hot/cold, electrical modalties
  • Increase risk of coronary heart disease
  • Can’t feel cuts/lacerations etcàinc risk of infection
209
Q

what is hypoglycemia

A

low blood sugar

210
Q

true or false, to have hypoglycemia, you have to have diabetes

211
Q

hypoglycemia is common in who and why

A

common in ahteltes because icrease exercise which is not counterbalances with enough food

212
Q

what is insulinn shock

A

too mich insulin around exercise

213
Q

what are the SS of hypoglycemia

A

Dizziness, feeling shaky, headache, intense hunger, pale, cold/clammy skin, confusion,
dec. in performance, staggering gait

214
Q

what is the treatment for hypoglycemia

A

Treatment: “15-15 rule”à15g of CHO (fast acting), wait 15 minutes to see
improvement and the blood sugar
• Fruit juice, sugar packers, 1tbsp honey/maple syrup, glucose tablets

215
Q

true or false: diabetic coma is not a medical emergency, just need to wake them up

A

fals, it is an emergency

216
Q

what are the SS of diabetic coma

A

Increasingly restless and confused, SOB, dry mouth, intense thirst
• Can slip into a coma, dry/red/warm skin, rapid/weak pulse, and a sweet fruity acetone
breathe (like nail polish remover)

CATA 263 (17 decks)

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