lecture 16: skin conditios Flashcards
what are skin conditions caused by
bacteria
virus
fungi
skin contions result from what type of reactions
Mechanical reactions (ex: laceration)
• Allergic reactions
• Environmental reactions (wind and sunburn)
• Chemical reactions (ex: glue)
what does the skin protect us from
bacterial, fungi and viruses from outside environment
skin helps regulate what
regulate body temp
skin prevents loss of waht
fluids and nutrients
skin aids in transmission of what
info from outside environment to the brainn
what are the 2 main forms of bacteria in bacterial infectionns
Staphylococcal infection
• Streptococcal
what are some examples of. Staphylococcal infection
Clumps on skin, Upper respiratory tract infections, and in lesions which contain pus
what are some exam[les of • Streptococcal infection
• Serious systemic diseases, such as scarlet fever
bacterial infections live on what
skin
mucous membranes
what type of bacteria is more local on the skin
staphylococcal infection
what type of bcaterial is more systmic
strepcoccal
where can you find mucous memebranes
nose mouth geneitcals
what is an absess
• Collection of pus occurring in a
localized infection
true or false: absess can only affect the back skin
false, can affect any tissue in the body
absseess is assocated with tissue BLANK
desctruction
what are the SS of absess
encapsulated pocket of pus,
pain, swelling and fever
who experiences acne most commonly
adolescents
why are adolescents experienceing acne more commonly
androgen creationn=increase sebum procution
what is ane caused by
excessive sebum protection
excesive sebum production is secondary to waht
- Hormonal imbalance
- Follicular blockage
- Inflammation
an open follicle is a BLANK head
balck head
a closed follicle is a BLANK head
white haed
what are some SS of acne
Blackheads, obstructed follicles
• White heads, follicles filled withcellular debris=Become pimples
what is onychia
Onychia- inflammation of matrix of nail plate
what is • Paronychia- i
nvolves lateral
border or nail fold
(ex: hangnail)
true or false: onychia and paronchyia can be both bacterial and fungal
true
what are the SS of onychia and paronchia
Pain, swelling, redness, may have pus (secondary infection)
what is folliculitis
Infection of upper portion of hair follicle
what bacteria is associtiated with folliculitis
staphylococci
what is an ingrown hear
hair grows inwards
what types of har usually cause folliculitis
short coarse har (armpits, back, chest, neck, thights)
what is the MOI for ingrown
friction (shaving, clothingn)
what are the SS of folliculis
pustile, redness, swlling
what are faruncles
boils
deep folliculitis
what is a complication of follulitus
carbuncles
what are carbuncles
comp;icatios of folliculitis
several furuncles merge
how are carbuncles created
from frictior or repeated bluntt trauma
what are the SS of faruncles and carbuncles
pus
tender to touch
what bacteria is assocaited with furuncles and carbuncles
staphylococci
which condition causes a similar feeling to comparement syndrome
cellulitis
what is cellulits
painful infectio of the deep dermis
what baceteria is assocaited with cellulits
streptococci
what are the SS of cellulits
• Break in the skin (wounds, tinea infections etc.)
• Intense pain
• Fever, lymphangitis
hot to touch
true or false: impetigo contagiousa is not contagous
false, highly contagious
what is impetigo
bacteria skin inflammation
where is impetigo contagiosa common in sports
wrestling, football,
rugby, swimming and gymnastics
true or false: only streptococci is the bacteria of impetigo
false, only staphylococcus
how is impetigo transmitted though
Direct contact, sharing towel, clothing or equipment, or after a skin injury (insect bite, abrasion etc.)
what are the SS of impetigo
- Fluid filled vesicles (Can form into blisters)
- Painful
- Itchy
- Crusty (Eventually disappears and red marks are there and heal without scarring
what palces are impetigo common
buttock
face
extremeities
what does MRSA stand for
Methicillin- resistant
Staphyloccus aureus
what is MRSA
Strain of staph bacteria that has become resistant to antibiotics
what happens when there is breakout of the skin in MRSA
When breakout of the skin
occurs, the bacterium invades
the body producing a skin
infection (abscess or cellulitis) or systemic infection
how is MRSA spread
from skin to skin ocntract
what are the SS of MRSA
• Small red bumps that resemble
pimples, boils or spider bites
- Turn into deep painful abscesses (Require drainage)
- Can be life threatening
how should you clean bacterial infection
cleased with soap and water
when should you witthold from PA with skin condtions
when they are contagious
Withheld from physical activity if satellite locations, cellulitis, conjunctivitis, weeping lesion, large or multiple, honey-crusted • Furuncles/carbuncles
what should you avoid to manage backteria infections
**Avoid sharing towels, walking
around with bare feet, cover all
open wounds
before going back to play, there needs to be no new skin lesions for how long
48 hours
before going back to school, person needs to complette 72 hours of what
antibiotic treatment
what are the causes of fungi infections
yeast and molds
fungi infections often attack waht regions
hair
nails
skin
what are the 3 main categories of fungi
- Dermatophytes
- Candidiasis
- Tinea versicolor
how are fungal skin conditions identified by
Identified by small patches of erythema, scaling and severe itching
true or false: most fungal skin conditions are not contagious
false, they usually are
fungi thrives in what environments
dark, warm, moist
what is tinea unguium
Fungal infection of the nail beds
or nail
where is tinea ungunium common
among swimmers,
communal showers, chronic
tinea pedis or wear occlusive
footwear
what are the SS of tinea unguium
pain with activity and aesthietic concerns
what is tinea pedis
atheltes foot
what is the Most frequent fungal infection in
athletic population
tinea pedis
where is tinea pedis common in the body
Web spaces, plantar/dorsal
surface of toes, midfoot vessels
what are the SS of tinea pedis
• S/S- Itchy, scaling/peeling and cracking fissures
what is atheltes foot fanncy name
tinea pedis
what is the fungal infection of nail beds called
tinea ungium
what is the fancy name for jock itch
tinea cruris
what body part is invovled of tinea cruris
genitalia
where is tinea cruris typically seen
Typically seen in obese adult men and male athletes
BUT Females have been reporting increased
prevalence
true or false: tight restrive clothing can cause tinea cruris
true
what are some SS of tinea crurir
Perspiration
• Reddening, scaling, itching
thick dark lesions
tinea corposis has what shape patches
circualr
tinea corporis is of the BLANK
of the body
tinea capitis is of the BLANK
head
what sport is at higher risk of tinea corposis
wrestlers
what are the SS of tinea corporis
redness, dry scaling, hypopigmenteed,
sloghtly eleveated borders
tinea capitis is common is who
children
tinea capitus is caused by contamination, give some examples
brushes
combs
animals
what are the SS of tinea capitis
grey scales, bald patches
tinea versicolor stems from what
yeast
what is tinea versicolor
Common pigmentation disorder
worldwide “sun spots”
what promits the growth of yeast causing tinea versicolor
Excessive heat, humidity and oily skin
promote the growth of this organism
what are some commonly affectd parts of the body of tinea versicolor
Trunk, back of head, back, and upper extremities
is tinea versicolor contagious?>
no
what is candidiasis caused by
yeast function
where is candidiasis commonly found
in skin molds
where is candidiasis more commonly found
in women in swimsuits or competiton uniform for lung times
what are the SS of candidias
deep beefy red color lesion
what is the danger of candidiasis
Left untreated can be life threatening
systemic disease
what does candidiasis cause (in terms of lesion)
Produce lesion on the skin or mucous membranes or in the vagina
what types of meds can you use for fungal connditions
antifungal meds
what are the genertal managements for fungal conditions
- Antifungal medications
- Changing the warm, moist environment
- Wash involved area 4-5 times/day and after physical exertion
- Ensure areas are dry
what are some ways to prveent fungal infections
- Shower after every practice/competitions
- Dry feet, hands, groin, arms, and breasts thoroughly
- Use antifungal powder
- Change socks/underwear daily
- Wear street shoes that allow ventilation
- Disinfect shower area, dressing room, and AT room
- Never go barefoot in shower or locker room
what are virus infections
Invade living cells and multiple until they kill the cell
• Burst out to re-infect other cells or lie dormant within the cell without
ever causing an infection
herpes simplex encompasses how many diff virusus
80
true ro false: herpes simplex is not contagious
false, it is hihgly contagious
what are the 2 common types of herpes sumplex
HSV1
HSV2
explain HSV1
- HSV-1
- Cold sores (lips, nose, chin)
- Shows up 1-3x/year
- Approx 1/3 of new cases of genital herpes
explain HSCV 2
- HSV-2
- Causes 2/3 of all new Genital herpes cases
- Around 5x/year
how is herpes simplex transmitted
skin to skin ocnntact
what is incubation period for herpes simplex
2-12 days
how does the incubation period for herpes usually begin
with bruning, strinigng, tenderness and itching
during latent state of herpes are there any symptoms
no but virus can spread
can herpes veirus spread even wihtout symtpoms
yes
how often do herpes reoccur
regularly (even montly)
what are some triggers of herpes simplex
Triggers- stress, fatigue, sunlight exposure, food allergies, impaired immune
system, hormonal changes, pregnancy
whatt is the fancy name for shingles
herpes zoster
herpes zoster is also known nas
shingles
explai ntthe relationship between chickenpox and herpes zoster
The varicella virus, after a case of the chickenpox can retreat into the
nerve roots, where it lies dormant
what is herpes zoster
Blister like lesions that erupt along dermatomes (usually T3-L3) in the
trunk
• Lesions that crust over (infectious until crust over)
• May also have headache, malaise, swollen lymph nodes and low grade fever
whatt is verrucae virus
type of HPV virus (rapid growth of cells on outer layer of skin)
what ar the SS of verrucae virus
- Common on hands, feet
- Pressure on warts cause pain
- Subjected to secondary bacterial infection
what is plana
flat water
what is plantaris
plantar warm
what is the incubation periof of verruca virus
several weeks to 5 years after explosire
verrucae virus results in waht
a wart
true or false: viruses exit the body
false, they sta in the body
what type of meds are usually for management of viral skin conditionsn
antiviral meds (herpes simplex/zoster)
do the antiviral meds cure the disease (herpex)
no decrease SS and tramisions risk
do not clear to play players with viral skin contions until what
Do not clear to play until they are free of systemic symptoms (i.e. fever)
and the no new lesions for at least 72 hours, and no moist lesions and have
completed a minimum of 120 hours of systemic antiviral therapy
what can precipitaty herpez zoster in young personns
HIV
what is chafing caused by
• Caused by friction by fabric against moist warm skin
what is eczema
acute or chronic innflammatory conditon of the skin (dry and flaky)
are chafing anx eczema cotnagious
no
what are athletes nodules
Asymptomatic, dermal nodules found at various sites of the body that
encounter minor trauma
what are the causes of atheltes nodules
recurrent fuction/trauma
what is the treatment for ahteltes nodules
protective pads
what is psiorias
Chronic, distressing skin disorder can affect skin, tendons, ligament, and joints
• Rapid buildup of rough, dry, dead skin cells
what is hyperhyrosis
excessive perspirationn
what are common aras affected by hyperhydrosis
palsm axillary
why can hyperhydrosis interfere with sprots
gripping etc
what are some causes of hyperhydrosis
hereditary foods menopause setc
