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CATA 263 > lecture 14: conditions of the back > Flashcards

lecture 14: conditions of the back Flashcards

1
Q

what are the functions of the spine

A
  • Upright posture
  • Allows movement
  • Protects spinal cord
  • Muscle/ligament attachment
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2
Q

how many vert in the cervical spine

A

7 vert

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3
Q

how many nerve roots in the cervical spine

A

8 nerve roots

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4
Q

what are the vertbetrea responnsible for rotation in the cervical

A

c1 (atlas) and c2 (axis)

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5
Q

which vert has an attached to the ribs

A

thoracic

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6
Q

the thoracic cage incloses what

A

tthe heart and lungs

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7
Q

is there alot of rotatation at the lumbar

A

no

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8
Q

why is there minimal rotation in the lumbar spine

A

because the facet joints are vertical which also limit extension

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9
Q

why are the bodies of lumbar vert large

A

for weight bearing

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10
Q

what are the functions of the intervetebral discs

A

• Allows movement
• Shock absorption
• Increases space for transverse
foramen

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11
Q

what happens to the transverse foramen if there is disk degeretation

A

it can cause impingments of nerves by decreasing the space

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12
Q

in flexion, what position foes the disc move

A

backwards

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13
Q

in extension, what postion does the disk move

A

moves anterioly

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14
Q

what vertebrae are sprains more common in cervical or lumbar

A

cervical

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15
Q

how is anterior long lig stretched

A

with extension

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16
Q

how are the interspinous. posterior long lig and supraspinous ligs strtecthed

A

with flexion

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17
Q

how is the intertranse ligs stretched

A

by side beining

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18
Q

what is the position of brachial plexus

A

c5-t1

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19
Q

what are some important muscles of the cervical spine

A 
longus colli
SCM
uppe rtraps
suboccipital
lev scap
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20
Q

what muscles of the cervical spine tightten witth instability/whiplash

A

SCM
upper traps
suboccipital
lev scap

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21
Q

what is the problem with the disk slipping posteriorly

A

because it can compromise the SC

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22
Q

true or false: stenosis can occur anywhere in the spine

A

true

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23
Q

what position is more comfortable for those wtih stenosis

A

flexion

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24
Q

what is stenosis

A

decreased space in the interverbtebral formane

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25
Q

stenosis is only aquired

A

false, also congenital

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26
Q

aquired stenosis is secondary to what

A

osteophyte formation

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27
Q

what are the SS of stenosis

A

Quadriplegia,
burning/tingling/numbness,
motor changes, pain in area

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28
Q

what position is more comfortable for people with disc herniation

A

extension

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29
Q

what is the MOI for whiolash

A

whiplash, repetitive flexion or

extension, compression

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30
Q

what is the most common disc degrenation

A

posterior lateral

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31
Q

what are the SS of disc hernation

A

radiating pain, pain with

Valsalva maneuver

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32
Q

what location is mosre common in the L spine for disc herniation and what age

A

L4/L5 and L5/S1 (30-50)

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33
Q

cervical spine disc herniation is more common in what population

A

older individuals

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34
Q

what happens to the nucleus polposus in disc herniation

A

goes through annulus fibrosis

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35
Q

disc herniation is assocaited with tears of what

A

annulus fibrosus

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36
Q

what is prolapse in disc herniation

A

nucleus finds a way thorugh the annulus fibfrosus

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37
Q

what is extrusion in disc herniation

A 
material moves into
spinal cord (may impinge)
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38
Q

what is sequesteration in disc hernation

A

matter gets further into spinal cord, can migrate

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39
Q

is generative disk disease chronic or acute

A

chronic

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40
Q

what is the MOI for degenrative disc diease

A

compression, high impact,

age

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41
Q

what are the SS for degenrative disc disease

A

radicular pain, loss of motor
function, pain with Valsalva
maneuver

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42
Q

where is the dermatonme for L1-L2

A

Front of thigh and

groin to knee

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43
Q

what area of the spine is assocaited with dermatone and sensory loss of Front of thigh and groin to knee

A

L1/L2

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44
Q

what is the myotome weakness for L1/L2

A

psoas/adductors

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45
Q

what area of the lumbar spine is assocaited with myotome weakness of psoas and adductors

A

L1-L2

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46
Q

what is the dermatome for L3-L4

A

Ant mid thigh over
patella and medial
lower leg to great
toe

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47
Q

what area of the lumbar spine is assocaitied with the dermatone Ant mid thigh over
patella and medial lower leg to great toe

A

L3-L4

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48
Q

what is the mytome weakness for L3L4

A

Ankle dorsiflexion

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49
Q

what part of the lumbar spine is assocaited with the mytoine weakness of Ankle dorsiflexion

A

L3-L4

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50
Q

what is the dematone for L4/L5

A

Lateral thigh, anterior leg, top of foot, and middle three toes

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51
Q

what part of the lumbar spine is associated with sensory loss of Lateral thigh,
anterior leg, top of foot, and middle three toes

A

l4/l5

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52
Q

what is the myotone for L4L5

A

toe extension

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53
Q

what part of the lumbar spine is asosciated with myotome weakness of toe extension

A

l4/l5

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54
Q

what is the dermatone for l5-s1

A

Posterior lateral thigh and lower leg to lateral foot and 5th toe

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55
Q

what part of the spine is assocaited with the sensory loss of Posterior lateral thigh and lower leg to lateral foot and 5th toe

A

l5/s1

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56
Q

what is the mytome weakness for l5/s1

A

Ankle plantar flexio/n

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57
Q

what part of the spine is assocaited with myotone weakness of Ankle plantar
flexion

A

l5/s1

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58
Q

what is the dermatome for c1/c2

A

Top of head, forehead

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59
Q

what part of the spine is assocaited with dermatone of Top of
head,
forehead

A

c1/c2

60
Q

what is the myotone weakness of c1/c2

A

neck flexion

61
Q

what part of the spine is associated with mytone weakness of neck flexiion

A

c1/c2

62
Q

what is the dermatone for c3

A

entire neck

63
Q

what part of the spine has the dermatone of the entire neck

A

c3

64
Q

what is the myotone weakness of c3

A

lateral flexion

65
Q

what part of the spine is assocaited with mytome weakness of lateral flexionn

A

c3

66
Q

what is the dermatonne of c4

A

shoulder area/clavicle

67
Q

what is the myotome for c4

A

shoulder elevation

68
Q

what part of the spine is associated with dermatone of shoulder area/clavicle

A

c4

69
Q

what part of the spine is assocaited with myotone weakness of shoulder elevation

A

c4

70
Q

what is the dermatone for c5

A

deltoid area

71
Q

what part of the spine is associated with dermatone of deltoid area

A

c5

72
Q

what is the myptome weakness of c5

A

should abduction

73
Q

what part of the spine is associated with myotinne weakness of should abduction

A

c5

74
Q

what is the dermatone of c6

A

Radial side of hand to thumb

75
Q

what part of the spine is assocaited with dermatone Radial side
of hand to thumb

A

c6

76
Q

what is the myotome for c6

A

Elbow flex
and/or
wrist
extension

77
Q

what myotine is assocaited with Elbow flex and/or wrist extension

A

c6

78
Q

what is the dermatone for c7

A

Index, middle and ring fingers

79
Q

what part of the spine is assocaited with the dermatonne Index,
middle and ring fingers

A

c7

80
Q

what is the myotome for c7

A

Elbow extension and/or wrist flexion

81
Q

what part of the spine is associated with myotone Elbow extension and/or wrist flexion

A

c7

82
Q

what is the dermatone for c8

A

little finger

83
Q

what part of the spine is associated with dermatone of little finger

A

c8

84
Q

what is the mytome for c8

A

thumb extension

85
Q

what part of the spine is assocaited to mytoone weakness of thumb extension

A

c8

86
Q

what is the dermatone of t1

A

Medial side of forearm

87
Q

what part of the spine is assocaited with the dermatoen of Medial side of forearm

A

t1

88
Q

what is the myotine for t1

A

Finger abduction/ adduction

89
Q

what part of the spine is assocaited with myotine weakness of Finger abduction/ adduction

A

t1

90
Q

what is toricolis>

A

Held tilts toward one shoulder
and chin rotates toward
opposite shoulder

91
Q

what muscle is at fault in toricolis

A

SCM is shortnered/spastic

92
Q

is toricolis onnly congenital

A

false, also aquired

93
Q

what are the SS of torticolis

A

loss of ROM, palpable
lump or swelling in involved
muscles

94
Q

what is the MOI for cervical sprains

A

Occur at extreme motions

• Violent muscle contractions

95
Q

what are the SS of cervical sprains

A

pain, stiffness, and restricted ROM

96
Q

what is the MOI of cervical strains

A

Forceful contractions- eccentric

• Extreme ROM

97
Q

what muscles are usually innvolved in cervical strains

A

SCM and UFT
(also maybe scalenes, levator
scapulae and splenius muscle
too

98
Q

what are the SS of cervical strains

A

• S/S- pain, decrease ROM, muscle
spasm, pain during contraction
or stretching of muscle

99
Q

the brachial plexus is a neural structure that innervates what

A

upper extensionn

100
Q

what are the 2 ways to injury the brachial [lexus

A

compression or stretch injur y

101
Q

what is thje MOi for an acute burner

A

forceful separation of neck from shoulder

102
Q

what are the SS for acute burners

A

• S/S- immediate, severe, burning pain and prickly paresthesia that
radiates down arm

103
Q

acute burners usually subsides within how long

A

5-10 mintutes

104
Q

true or false: Weakness may persist for hours or even days after a burner
(Abduction and external rotation)

A

true

105
Q

how to decide if someone can RTP after a burner

A

If strength and function return completely within 5 minutes

106
Q

what are the 5 conditions for RTP for acute burney

A
  • No neck pain, arm pain, or impaired sensation
  • Full pain free ROM in the neck and upper extremity
  • Normal strength on MMT as compared to pre-season testing
  • Normal deep tendon reflexes
  • Negative brachial plexus traction test
107
Q

what are the 3 classifications of burners

A

neuropraxia
axonotmesis
neurotmesis

108
Q

what are the signs of neuropraxia

A

Temporary loss of sensation and/or loss of motor function

May demyelinise but axon in tact

109
Q

what is the prognosis for neuropraxia

A

Recovery within a few

days to a few weeks

110
Q

what is the signs for axonotmesis

A

Significant motor and mild sensory deficits

Axonal damage

111
Q

what is the prognosis for axonotmesis

A

Deficits last at least 2
weeks. Regrowth is slow,
but full or normal
function usually I restored

112
Q

what is the signs of neurotmesis

A

Motor and sensory deficits persist for up to 1 year

Nerve lacerated/avulsed

113
Q

what is the prognosis for neurotmesis

A

Poor prognosis. Surgical

intervention

114
Q

suprascapular nevre innnervates what

A

supraspinatus, infraspinatus and GH joint capsule

115
Q

what is the MOI for suprascap nerve injury

A

• MOI: OH motions that generate rapid torque and velocity forces
during cocking, acceleration and release phases

116
Q

what is the SS for suprascaular nerve injur y

A

S/S: muscle weakness and atrophy, secondary injuries (ie

impingement, tendinitis, bursitis etc)

117
Q

what is the MOI for contusions,sprains and strains of thoracic

A

MOI: direct blows, violent muscle contractions

118
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of contusions, strains and sprains of thoracic spinen

A

• S/S- pain, ecchymosis, muscle spasm, limited swelling, decreased
ROM and function

119
Q

what are commonly strianed muscles in throacic

A

obliques
lats
rectus abdom
intercostals

120
Q

are thoracic fracures common>

A

no beacuse well protected with rib cage so ribs fracures are morew common

121
Q

what is the MOI for thoracic fracture

A 
compressive loads (tackle, fall on buttocks), women with
osteopenia, repetitive stress from activities such as running
122
Q

wjat os scheurmanns disease

A

Degeneration of the epiphyseal end plates of the vertebral body
• Involves 3 adjacent vertebral segments

123
Q

scheurmanns diease is related to what

A

mechanical stress

124
Q

in scheurmanns disease, what happens to the vertebral body

A

anteriior portionn loses part of bone mass

125
Q

scoliosis is waht

A

lateral curvature of the spine

126
Q

can scoliosis only be structural

A

false, also functionnal

127
Q

explain structural scoliolis

A

bone growing/malalligned during adolesscne

128
Q

ex[lain function scoliosis

A

muscles are imbalancedand pulling spine in wrong directionn

129
Q

where are the most common portions of the spine that have scoliosis

A

lumbar and thoracic

130
Q

what is the weakest bony portion of the vert neural arch

A

pars interarticularis

131
Q

what is the MOI for pars interarticualris

A

Mechanical stress from axial loading (Repetitive loading in flexion, hyperextension and rotation)

• Congenital

132
Q

pars interarticualris can lead to what

A

Spondylolysis vs. spondylolisthesis

133
Q

what is Spondylolysis

A

Fracture of pars interarticularis (only 1 side)

• Stress or complete

134
Q

what is Spondylolisthesis

A

• Bilateral separation of pars resulting
in anterior displacements of
vertebrae with respect to vertebrae
below (2 sides of vert)

135
Q

what is the most common site for spondylothesis

A

l5-s1 (90%)

136
Q

Spondylolysis vs. Spondylolisthesis is often diangosed at what age and waht sport is common

A

10-15

gymnasts

137
Q

what are the SS of Spondylolysis vs. Spondylolisthesis

A 
Can be asymptomatic
• Low back pain
• Neurological symptoms
• Unilateral dull ache aggravated
by activity
• Hyperextension and rotation
• Mm spasm of erector spinae or
hamstrings
• Flattened lumbosacral curve
138
Q

what position might help spondys

A

flexion

139
Q

what are some examples of facet joint pathology

A

• Subluxation or dislocation
• Facet joint syndrome (i.e inflammation)
• Degeneration of facet itself (arthritis)
Mechanical injury to joint capsule- sprain

140
Q

what postion can helo relieve pain in facet joint pathologies

A

Flexion

141
Q

what are the SS of facet joint patholgy

A
  • Point tenderness, flattening of back
  • Pain with rotation, extension, lateral bending
  • Limited flexibility of pelvic musculature
142
Q

what is sciatica

A

Inflammatory condition of sciatic

nerve

143
Q

what can sciatica be caused by

A 
• Herniated disk
• Annular tear
• Muscle related disease
• Spinal stenosis
• Facet joint pathology
• Compression of nerve between
piriformis muscle
144
Q

what is the MOI for SI joint sprain

A
  • Traumatic- bending, twisting
  • repetitive stress from lifting
  • Fall on buttocks
  • Excessive side to side movement (• Running, Uneven terrain)
145
Q

what are the SS for SI joint sprain

A 
• Pain in SI area, extends to
buttocks/posterior thigh
• Pelvic imbalance
• Standing one leg, climbing stairs P!
• Lateral bending to that side, flexion

CATA 263 (17 decks)

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