lecture 5 - neurons & nerves Flashcards
What are the components of a neuron?
Dendrites, soma/cell body, axon, synapses
What is the name for the cell body of a neuron?
Soma
What is the function of neuron dendrites?
Receive signals from other neurons via synapses
What are axons?
Processes that leave a neuron’s soma to propagate an action potential for signalling to other neurons via synpases
What are the 4 morphological types of neuron?
multipolar, bipolar, unipolar, anaxonic
What is the structure of a multipolar neuron?
Multiple processes emanate from the cell body
What is the structure of a bipolar neuron?
2 processes emanate from the cell body
What is the structure of a unipolar neuron?
One process emanating from the cell body that branches into the dendrite and axon
What is the structure of an anaxonic neuron?
No distinct axon because all processes look alike
What are glia?
Non-neuronal support cells of the CNS or PNS
What are the 4 key glia types of the CNS?
oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells
What are the 2 key types of glia in the PNS?
Schwann cells, satellite cells
What is the function of oligodendrocytes?
Form the myelin sheath around neurons in the CNS
What is the function of astrocytes?
Provide nutrients, maintain extracellular environment and structural support to neurons in the CNS
What is the function of microglia?
Mount the immune response within the CNS
What is the function of Ependymal cells?
Circulate and produce cerebrospinal fluid in the CNS