lecture 22 - hand muscles & upper limb blood supply Flashcards
What tendon sheath surrounds each finger?
Synovial flexor tendon sheath, and fibrous sheaths over the top
What is the sheath that covers the palmar aspect of the wrist?
Flexor retinaculum/transverse carpal ligament
What are the extrinsic flexors of the fingers?
Flexor digitorum superificalis, flexor digitorum profundus
What is the origin of flexor digitorum superficialis?
Medial epicondyle of humerus
What is the insertion of flexor digitorum superficialis
Base of middle phalanx of digits 2-5
What is the origin of flexor digitorum profundus?
Deep to FDS from anterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane
What is the insertion of flexor digitorum profundus?
Base of distal phalanx 2-5
What are the attachments of the transverse carpal ligament/flexor retinaculum?
Lateral: scaphoid & trapezium, Medial: pisiform & hamate
What converts the carpal arch into a tunnel?
Transverse carpal ligament
What are the type of strucures inside the carpal tunnel?
Tendons, nerves
What are the contents of the carpal tunnel?
Tendons of FDS and FDP, flexor pollicis longus tendon, median nerve
How many tendons run through the carpal tunnel?
9
Which nerve runs through the carpal tunnel?
Median nerve
Which tendon runs through the transverse carpal ligament?
Flexor carpi radialis tendon
What tendon runs over the top of the transverse carpal ligament?
Palmaris longus tendon
What are the 3 types of intrinsic muscles of the hand?
thenar muscles, hypothenar muscles, other
What are the 3 intrinsic thenar muscles?
Flexor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis
What are the 3 intrinsic hypothenar muscles of the hand?
Flexor digiti minimi, abductor digiti minimi, opponens digiti minimi
What are the intrinsic muscles of the hand, excluding the thenar/hypothenar muscles?
Adductor pollicis, lumbricals, interossei
What are the 2 types of interosseous muscles?
Dorsal interossei, palmar interossei
What are the origins of lumbricals?
Tendons of flexor digitorum profundus tendons
What are insertions of lumbricals?
Extensor expansion/hood, on the radial/lateral side
What is the function of the lumbricals?
Flexion of metacarpophalangeal joint, extension at interphalangeal joint
How many lumbricals are there?
4
What is the origin of the interossei?
Metacarpal bones
What is the insertion of the interossei?
The extensor expansion/hood
What is more deep, the interossei or lumbricals?
Interossei?
What is the function of interossei (both palmar and dorsal)
Flexion at metacarpophalangeal joint, extension at interphalangeal joint
What is the specific function of the palmar interossei?
Adduction of the fingers
What is the specific function of the dorsal interossei?
Abduction of the fingers
What muscles produce movements at the thumb?
Extrinsic : flexor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis longus
Intrinsic: flexor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis, adductor pollicis
What artery is the first in the arterial supply of the arm?
Axillary artery
What does the axillary artery change name to in the arm?
Brachial artery
What are the 3 key branches of the brachial artery in the arm?
anterior circumflex humeral artery, posterior circumflex humeral artery, profunda brachii artery
What does the brachial artery split into?
Radial artery, ulnar artery
Where does the brachial artery fork into the radial and ulnar arteries?
Anterior aspect of arm, just past elbow joint
What is the key proximal branch of the ulnar artery?
Common interosseous
What does the common interosseous artery of the forearm arise from?
Ulnar artery
What are the 2 key branches of the common interosseous artery?
Anterior interosseous artery, posterior interosseous artery
What are the 2 arterial arches in the hand?
Superficial palmar arch, deep palmar arch
What is the major supplier of the superficial palmar arch?
Ulnar artery
What is the major supplier of the deep palmar arch?
Radial artery
What arteries come off the superficial palmar arch?
Common palmar digital arteries
What arteries come off the deep plantar arch?
Palmar metacarpal arteries
What arch supplies the dorsal aspect of the hand?
Dorsal carpal arch
What are the 2 main veins in the arm?
Axillary vein (turns into basilic vein), cephalic vein
What does the axillary vein branch into in the arm?
Basilic vein, brachial vein
Where is the cubital fossa?
Anterior aspect of the elbow joint
Which veins pass through the cubital fossa?
Median cubital vein, cephalic vein, basilic vein
Which vein of the cubital fossa is used to draw blood?
Median cubital vein
What is the lateral vein of the forearm?
Cephalic vein
What is the medial vein of the forearm?
Basilic
What is the venous structure of the hand?
Dorsal venous network/dorsal venous arch
What 2 veins drain the hand?
Basilic vein, cephalic vein
Which vein passes through the anatomical snuffbox?
Cephalic vein
