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ELM2 - musculoskeletal > lecture 22 - hand muscles & upper limb blood supply > Flashcards

lecture 22 - hand muscles & upper limb blood supply Flashcards

1
Q

What tendon sheath surrounds each finger?

A

Synovial flexor tendon sheath, and fibrous sheaths over the top

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2
Q

What is the sheath that covers the palmar aspect of the wrist?

A

Flexor retinaculum/transverse carpal ligament

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3
Q

What are the extrinsic flexors of the fingers?

A

Flexor digitorum superificalis, flexor digitorum profundus

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4
Q

What is the origin of flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus

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5
Q

What is the insertion of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Base of middle phalanx of digits 2-5

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6
Q

What is the origin of flexor digitorum profundus?

A

Deep to FDS from anterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane

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7
Q

What is the insertion of flexor digitorum profundus?

A

Base of distal phalanx 2-5

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8
Q

What are the attachments of the transverse carpal ligament/flexor retinaculum?

A

Lateral: scaphoid & trapezium, Medial: pisiform & hamate

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9
Q

What converts the carpal arch into a tunnel?

A

Transverse carpal ligament

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10
Q

What are the type of strucures inside the carpal tunnel?

A

Tendons, nerves

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11
Q

What are the contents of the carpal tunnel?

A

Tendons of FDS and FDP, flexor pollicis longus tendon, median nerve

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12
Q

How many tendons run through the carpal tunnel?

A

9

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13
Q

Which nerve runs through the carpal tunnel?

A

Median nerve

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14
Q

Which tendon runs through the transverse carpal ligament?

A

Flexor carpi radialis tendon

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15
Q

What tendon runs over the top of the transverse carpal ligament?

A

Palmaris longus tendon

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16
Q

What are the 3 types of intrinsic muscles of the hand?

A

thenar muscles, hypothenar muscles, other

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17
Q

What are the 3 intrinsic thenar muscles?

A

Flexor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis

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18
Q

What are the 3 intrinsic hypothenar muscles of the hand?

A

Flexor digiti minimi, abductor digiti minimi, opponens digiti minimi

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19
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the hand, excluding the thenar/hypothenar muscles?

A

Adductor pollicis, lumbricals, interossei

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20
Q

What are the 2 types of interosseous muscles?

A

Dorsal interossei, palmar interossei

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21
Q

What are the origins of lumbricals?

A

Tendons of flexor digitorum profundus tendons

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22
Q

What are insertions of lumbricals?

A

Extensor expansion/hood, on the radial/lateral side

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23
Q

What is the function of the lumbricals?

A

Flexion of metacarpophalangeal joint, extension at interphalangeal joint

24
Q

How many lumbricals are there?

A

4

25
Q

What is the origin of the interossei?

A

Metacarpal bones

26
Q

What is the insertion of the interossei?

A

The extensor expansion/hood

27
Q

What is more deep, the interossei or lumbricals?

A

Interossei?

28
Q

What is the function of interossei (both palmar and dorsal)

A

Flexion at metacarpophalangeal joint, extension at interphalangeal joint

29
Q

What is the specific function of the palmar interossei?

A

Adduction of the fingers

30
Q

What is the specific function of the dorsal interossei?

A

Abduction of the fingers

31
Q

What muscles produce movements at the thumb?

A

Extrinsic : flexor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis longus
Intrinsic: flexor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis, adductor pollicis

32
Q

What artery is the first in the arterial supply of the arm?

A

Axillary artery

33
Q

What does the axillary artery change name to in the arm?

A

Brachial artery

34
Q

What are the 3 key branches of the brachial artery in the arm?

A

anterior circumflex humeral artery, posterior circumflex humeral artery, profunda brachii artery

35
Q

What does the brachial artery split into?

A

Radial artery, ulnar artery

36
Q

Where does the brachial artery fork into the radial and ulnar arteries?

A

Anterior aspect of arm, just past elbow joint

37
Q

What is the key proximal branch of the ulnar artery?

A

Common interosseous

38
Q

What does the common interosseous artery of the forearm arise from?

A

Ulnar artery

39
Q

What are the 2 key branches of the common interosseous artery?

A

Anterior interosseous artery, posterior interosseous artery

40
Q

What are the 2 arterial arches in the hand?

A

Superficial palmar arch, deep palmar arch

41
Q

What is the major supplier of the superficial palmar arch?

A

Ulnar artery

42
Q

What is the major supplier of the deep palmar arch?

A

Radial artery

43
Q

What arteries come off the superficial palmar arch?

A

Common palmar digital arteries

44
Q

What arteries come off the deep plantar arch?

A

Palmar metacarpal arteries

45
Q

What arch supplies the dorsal aspect of the hand?

A

Dorsal carpal arch

46
Q

What are the 2 main veins in the arm?

A

Axillary vein (turns into basilic vein), cephalic vein

47
Q

What does the axillary vein branch into in the arm?

A

Basilic vein, brachial vein

48
Q

Where is the cubital fossa?

A

Anterior aspect of the elbow joint

49
Q

Which veins pass through the cubital fossa?

A

Median cubital vein, cephalic vein, basilic vein

50
Q

Which vein of the cubital fossa is used to draw blood?

A

Median cubital vein

51
Q

What is the lateral vein of the forearm?

A

Cephalic vein

52
Q

What is the medial vein of the forearm?

A

Basilic

53
Q

What is the venous structure of the hand?

A

Dorsal venous network/dorsal venous arch

54
Q

What 2 veins drain the hand?

A

Basilic vein, cephalic vein

55
Q

Which vein passes through the anatomical snuffbox?

A

Cephalic vein

ELM2 - musculoskeletal (28 decks)

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