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Immunology 2.0 > Lecture 5: Innate Immunity (part 2) > Flashcards

Lecture 5: Innate Immunity (part 2) Flashcards

1
Q

C3a, C4a, and C5a have what effects

A

inflammation

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2
Q

C3b main function is

A

opsonization and phagocytosis

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3
Q

Although the 3 pathways of complement activation differ in how they are initiated, all of them result in the generation of enzyme complexes that are able to cleave the most abundant complement protein, ___

A
  • C3
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4
Q

The 3 complement pathwyas differ in how C3b is produced but follow a common sequence of reactions after the cleave of

A

C5

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5
Q

What is the function of Properdin in complement

A
  • Properdin stabilizes C3 convertases (C3bBb) on microbial surfaces
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6
Q

The classical pathway is initiated by binding of the complement protein ____ to the CH2 domains of IgG ro the CH3 domains of IgM molecules that have bound antigen

A

C1

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7
Q

C4 is homologous to ____

A

C3

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8
Q

Soluble C3a fragment stimulates ____ by acting as a chemoattractant for ____

A

inflammation, neutrophils

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9
Q

Soluble C5a is a very potent _____ that also induces changes in

A

chemoattractant, permeability of blood vessels

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10
Q

The classical activation pathway requires

A
  • IgM or IgG and C1
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11
Q

What is C3 convertase and C5 convertase in the lectin and classical activation pathways

A
  • C4bC2a (C3 convertase)
  • C4b2aC3b (C5 convertase)
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12
Q

What is the C3 and C5 convertase in alternative pathways

A
  • C3bBb (C3 convertase)
  • C3bBbC3b (C5 convertase)
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13
Q

C1q binds to ___ portion of antibody

A

Fc

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14
Q

In the alternative pathway C3b is capable of binding factor B that can be cleaved into Ba and Bb by the constitutively active serum protease

A

factor D

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15
Q

Mannose-binding lectin has a hexametric structure similar to the ___ component of the classical pathway

A

C1q (which makes sense because they begin similar and have the same C3 convertase components)

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16
Q

After mannose-binding lectin (MBL) binds to microbes, two zymogens called _____ and _____ (mannose-associated serine protease) are activated they have similar functions to ____ and _____ and initiate downstream proteolytic steps identical to the classical pathway

A
  • MASP1 and MASP2
  • C1r anC1s
17
Q

Pulmonary surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-D are members of the ____ family. fxn?

A
  • collectins
  • act as opsonins, facilitating phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages
18
Q

What are Ficolins

A

humoral molecules (PRRs) of the innate immune systems which recognize N-acetylglucosamine and lipoteichoic acid on pathogens, apoptotic, and necrotic cells (activate the lectin pathway)

19
Q

Complement is not activated on the surface of mammalian cells because they express regulatory proteins that inhibit, disassemble, or cleave the convertases. Examples?

A
  • Decay-Accelerating Factor (DAF)
    • blocks C2:C4b interaction
    • enhance dissociation of C4bC2a interaction
  • Complement receptor 1 (CR1)
    • enhanc dissociation of C4bC2a
    • cleave C4b and C3b
  • Factor I (FI)
    • clave C4b and C3b
20
Q

What is the strongest anaphylatoxin of the complement cascade

A

C5a (it has the strongest effects and it is the only one that effects Chemotaxis, release of O2 radicals and lysosomal enzymes

21
Q

____, ____, and ___ mediate protective systemic effects of inflammation, including induction of fever, acute-phase protein synthesis by the liver, and increased production of leukocytes by the bone marrow

A
  • TNF
  • IL-1
  • IL-6
22
Q

Acute phase proteins are several plasma proteins that recognize microbial structures and participate in innate immunity belong ot the ____ family. Examples:

A
  • pentraxin
  • Ex: C-reactive protein (CRP) and Serum amyloid P (SAP)
23
Q

CRP and SAP recognize ____ and ____ respectively, which are found on bacteria and apoptotic cells

A
  • CRP recognizes phosphorylcholine
  • SAP recognizes Phosphatidylethanolamine
24
Q

The increased levels of CRP and SAP are a result of increased synthesis by the liver induced by the cytokines ___ and ____

A

IL-6 and IL-1

25
Q

CRP and SAP can activate the complement by binding ____ and initiating the ___ pathway

A

C1q and initiating the classical pathway

26
Q

IFN-alpha and IFN-beta bind to receptors on neighboring uninfected cells and activate _______ signaling pathways

A

JAK-STAT

27
Q

Inactive JAK (Janus kinases) are non-covalently attached to the cytoplasmic domains of Type ___ and Type ____ cytokine receptors

A

Type I and Type II

28
Q

IFN-alpha and IFN-beta bind to receptors on neighboring unifected cells and activate ____ signaling pathways

A

JAK-STAT

29
Q

Type I interfeurons bind to receptors on unifected cells and activate JAK-STAT signaling pathways meanwhile they also bind to receptor on infected cells and

A

induce expression of genes whose products enhance the cell’s susceptibility to CTL-mediated killing

Immunology 2.0 (25 decks)

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