Lecture 2: Cells ad Tissues of the Adaptive immune system Flashcards
T cells mature mature under the influence of the ____ and, on stimulation by ___
thymus, antigen
B cels mature mainly in the ___ and give rise ot humoral immunity that involves the production fo soluble molecules _____
- bone marrow, immunoglobulins
Memory cells are ____ numerous than navive cells specific for the Ag and respond ____ and ____ effectivley than do naive cells
Memory cells are more numerous than naive cells specific for the Ag respond faster and more effectively than naive
CD stands for cluster of differentation, which indicates a
defined subset of cellular surface receptors that identify cell type and stage of differentation
___ and ___ are primary lymphoid organs
Bone marrow and thymus
examples of secondary lymphoid organs
- spleen
- lymph nodes
- mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
starting at the ___ week of gestation, some stem cells migrate to the thymus and bone marrow
13th
Naive lymphocytes typically die after __ to __ months if they do not recognize Antigen
1-3 months
what cytokines play an importan role in the devlopment of T cells from progenitor cell
- IL-1
- IL-2
- IL-6
- IL-7
The majority of T cells are produced ___ in human lives
early
T cells which are highly reactive with self-Antigens are
deleted by apoptosis
What cytokines are importn in the development of B cells from progenitor cells
- IL-1
- IL-6
- IL-7
Differentiation into B cells occurs within the ____ and, after birth, in the ____
fetal liver, bone marrow
Lymphocytes reenter the circulation from the lymph node via the efferent lymph vessels that merge into the
thoracic duct
Ag-activated B cells proliferate in _____ and mature into memory or plasma cells
Germinal centers of lymph nodes
In the spleen, Ag-activated B cells primarily produce Abs against mibroical
polysaccharides
T cell and B cells zones of the spleen make up the
white pulp (periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (T cells) and lymphoid follicle wiht a germinal center toward margins (B cells)
Plasma cells are rarely found in the peripheral blood but they comprise from ____ % fo the bone marrow white cell count
0.2%-2.8% of the bone marrow white cell count
in the absence of Ag stimulation, follicles are _____ follicles, composed of small naive B cells or recirculating memory B cells
primary follicles
professional APCs
- Dendritic cells
- Tissue macrophages
- B cells
Only ___ can activate naive T cells
dendritic cells (DCs)
To acquire Ags, DCs use ___, ___, and ____
- Phagocytosis
- receptor-mediated endocytosis
- pinocytosis
Classical DCs reside in
- Skin
- Mucosa
- Organ Parenchyma
Plasmacytoid DCs are early cellular responders to ____. They recognize ______ and produce
- viral infection
- They recognize nucleic acids of intracellular viruses and produce soluble proteins called type I interferons, which have potent antiviral activities
besides classical and plasmacytoid DCs what are other forms of dendritc cells
- Populations of dendritic cells may also be derived from embryonic precursors (ex. Langerhan’s cells), and during inflammation (from monocytes)
Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) bind and display
unrprocessed antigens on their surfaces for recognition by B cells only
Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) have a remarkable ability to
retain Ags on their cell surface for extended periods of time
