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MSK Exam I > Lecture 5: Histology of Cartilage > Flashcards

Lecture 5: Histology of Cartilage Flashcards

1
Q

_________ is a semi-rigid tissue comprised of cells and ECM containing collagen and elastic fibers

A

Cartilage

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2
Q

Describe nerve supply, vascular supply, and lymphatics associated with cartilage

A

Cartilage has no nerve supply or lymphatics and is avascular

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3
Q

What are some general functions of cartilage?

A

Supports and withstands deformation, as well as absorbs shock

Reduces friction at joints

Model for bone growth

Fracture repair

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4
Q

____________ are cells that secrete collagen matrix due to mitotic capabilities

A

Chondroblasts

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5
Q

___________ are mature cartilage cells in lacunae, they are surrounded by and maintain the matrix

A

Chondrocytes

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6
Q

The cartilage matrix can be separated into what 2 compartments?

A

Territorial vs. interterritorial matrix

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7
Q

What type of collagen is predominant in cartilage?

A

Type II collagen

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8
Q

What type of collagen is present in fibrocartilage and outer perichondrium?

A

Type I collagen

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9
Q

What type of fibers are found in elastic cartilage?

A

Elastin fibers

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10
Q

The cartilage matrix is made up of fibers like type I collagen, type II collagen, and/or elastin, as well as what other major component?

A

Ground substance composed of proteoglycans

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11
Q

What are 4 major proteoglycans found in the ground substance component of cartilage?

A

Hyaluronic acid
Chondroitin sulfate
Keratin sulfate
Aggrecan

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12
Q

What are the 3 major types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage

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13
Q

Which of the following does not have a perichondrium?

A. Hyaline cartilage
B. Fibrocartilage
C. Elastic cartilage
D. All types of cartilage are surrounded by perichondrium

A

B. Fibrocartilage

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14
Q

What type of cartilage would you find in the external ear, epiglottis, and auditory tube?

A

Elastic cartilage

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15
Q

What type of cartilage would you find in the intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, and TMJ?

A

Fibrocartilage

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16
Q

What type of cartilage would you find in the articular areas, nasal septum, larynx, trachea, bronchi, embryonic development, and ribs?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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17
Q

Describe hyaline cartilage in terms of presence of a perichondrium and its major type of collagen

A

Surrounded by a perichondrium

Contains type II collagen

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18
Q

Describe elastic cartilage in terms of presence of a perichondrium and its major type of collagen

A

Surrounded by perichondrium

Contains type II collagen

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19
Q

Describe fibrocartilage in terms of presence of a perichondrium and its major type of collagen

A

NO perichondrium!

Contains type I collagen

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20
Q

Although hyaline cartilage is typically surrounded by a perichondrium, what area colonized by hyaline cartilage LACKS this perichondrium?

A

Articular cartilages lack perichondrium

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21
Q

What type of cartilage is described as amorphous but homogeneous?

A

Hyaline

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22
Q

What are the 5 zones of developing cartilage during skeleton formation from superficial to deep (epiphyseal plate)?

A

Zone 1: resting cartilage

Zone 2: proliferating cartilage

Zone 3: hypertrophic cartilage

Zone 4: calcified cartilage

Zone 5: ossification

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23
Q

Which compartment of the cartilage matrix is moderately staining, consists of type II collagen randomly arranged, and is high in GAGs with decreased collagen?

A

Territorial matrix

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24
Q

What compartment of the cartilage matrix surrounds the territorial matrix, less less intensely staining, contains more collagen II and fewer proteoglycans?

A

Interterritorial matrix

25
____________ is the interface of dense regular CT that contains a vascular supply, and applies to hyaline and elastic cartilage only
Perichondrium
26
What are the 2 layers of perichondrium?
Outer fibrous layer Inner chondrogenic layer
27
The outer fibrous layer of perichondrium is the fibroblast layer. What type of collagen does it produce?
Produces type I collagen and elastin [this is the transitional zone between cartilage and surrounding general CT]
28
The inner chondrogenic layer of perichondrium differentiates into ____________ and secretes _________ ____ collagen
Chondroblasts Type II
29
Fibrocartilage is the intermediate between cartilage and dense fibrous supporting tissue. What type of collagen is associated with fibrocartilage?
Types I and II
30
How are chondrocytes aligned/oriented in fibrocartilage?
Aligned in the direction of functional stress (columns)
31
What are the 2 types of growth exhibited by cartilage?
Appositional Interstitial
32
What type of growth takes place within the cartilage itself, and overall growth is due to secretion of new matrix?
Interstitial growth
33
What limits interstitial growth?
The avascular nature of cartilage
34
The key to interstitial growth is the formation of _________ groups when chondrocytes divide within ________
Isogenous; lacunae
35
What type of growth forms new cartilage on the surface from pre-existing cartilage?
Appositional growth
36
Where exactly does appositional growth of cartilage occur?
Within the inner layer of perichondrium
37
T/F: With appositional growth, chondrogenic cells produce collagen II (found in perichondrium)
False, chondrogenic cells produce collagen I
38
After appositional growth is initiated, cells become _________ and secrete collagen II and ground substances
Chondroblasts
39
Cartilage has a modest repair capacity. Injuries to cartilage frequently result in the formation of what type of cartilage in the perichondrium?
Repair cartilage [undifferentiated cells will differentiate into chondrocytes that synthesize components of the cartilage matrix]
40
Repair cartilage facilitates the healing of what major type of injury?
Bone fracture
41
Repair catilage has a matrix composition intermediate between hyaline and fibrous cartilage. What types of collagen does it contain?
Types I and II
42
T/F: cartilage repair is age dependent, and it can be replaced by dense CT or bone
True
43
What is the relationship between stability and mobility in joints?
Inverse relationship, as stability increases mobility will decrease and vice versa
44
What are the 3 major types of joints classified by movement?
Synarthrosis - little or no movement Amphiarthrosis - slightly mobile Diarthrosis - freely mobile
45
What component of synovial joints is an outer fibrous layer made of dense regular CT and functions to strengthen the joint?
Articular capsule
46
What is the difference between extrinsic vs. intrinsic ligaments associated with synovial joints?
Extrinsic = separate from capsule Intrinsic = part of fibrous capsule
47
Articular cartilage of synovial joints is made up of hyaline cartilage (note: without perichondrium), and serves to reduce friction. Since it is avascular, what provides nutrition to the articular cartilage?
Synovial fluid
48
The synovial membrane lines the synovial joint cavity, except for which location?
The articular cartilage
49
What are the 2 types of synoviocytes?
Type A macrophage-like synovial cells Type B fibroblast-like synovial cells
50
What percentage of cells lining the synovium are type A macrophage-like synovial cells?
25%
51
What are the major functions of type A macrophage-like synovial cells?
Phagocytic, contain lysosomes to clear articular cavity of debris formed by friction of articular cartilages, regulate inflammatory events
52
What are the major functions of type B fibroblast-like synovial cells?
Produce synovial fluid (plasma filtrate) Produce hyaluronate that combines with synovial fluid Lubricates/nourishes the articular cartilage
53
In articular cartilage of synovial joints, collagen fibers run ____________ to the tissue surface and bend gradually to form an arc
Perpendicular
54
What are the 4 layers of articular cartilage from superficial to deep?
Tangential layer Transitional layer Radial layer Calcified layer
55
Which of the following layers of articular cartilage is described below: Chondrocytes slightly larger and round, occurs both alone and in isogenous groups, collagen fibers take an oblique course through the matrix A. Tangential B. Transitional C. Radial D. Calcified
B. Transitional
56
Which of the following layers of articular cartilage is described below: Chondrocytes are small and flattented parallel to the surface, most superficial region is devoid of cells, collagen fibers run parallel to the surface A. Tangential B. Transitional C. Radial D. Calcified
A. Tangential
57
Which of the following layers of articular cartilage is described below: Large chondrocytes form radial columns, stacks are oriented perpendicular to the articulating surface, collagen fibers follow orientation of chondrocyte columns A. Tangential B. Transitional C. Radial D. Calcified
C. Radial
58
Which of the following layers of articular cartilage is described below: Rests on underlying cortex of bone, matrix stains darker than other layers A. Tangential B. Transitional C. Radial D. Calcified
D. Calcified
59
What are some of the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis?
``` Pain Tenderness Limited ROM Swelling Joint deformity ```

MSK Exam I (18 decks)

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