Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK Exam I > Lecture 5: Histology of Cartilage > Flashcards

Lecture 5: Histology of Cartilage Flashcards

1
Q

_________ is a semi-rigid tissue comprised of cells and ECM containing collagen and elastic fibers

A

Cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe nerve supply, vascular supply, and lymphatics associated with cartilage

A

Cartilage has no nerve supply or lymphatics and is avascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are some general functions of cartilage?

A

Supports and withstands deformation, as well as absorbs shock

Reduces friction at joints

Model for bone growth

Fracture repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

____________ are cells that secrete collagen matrix due to mitotic capabilities

A

Chondroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

___________ are mature cartilage cells in lacunae, they are surrounded by and maintain the matrix

A

Chondrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The cartilage matrix can be separated into what 2 compartments?

A

Territorial vs. interterritorial matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of collagen is predominant in cartilage?

A

Type II collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What type of collagen is present in fibrocartilage and outer perichondrium?

A

Type I collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of fibers are found in elastic cartilage?

A

Elastin fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The cartilage matrix is made up of fibers like type I collagen, type II collagen, and/or elastin, as well as what other major component?

A

Ground substance composed of proteoglycans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are 4 major proteoglycans found in the ground substance component of cartilage?

A

Hyaluronic acid
Chondroitin sulfate
Keratin sulfate
Aggrecan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 3 major types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which of the following does not have a perichondrium?

A. Hyaline cartilage
B. Fibrocartilage
C. Elastic cartilage
D. All types of cartilage are surrounded by perichondrium

A

B. Fibrocartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of cartilage would you find in the external ear, epiglottis, and auditory tube?

A

Elastic cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What type of cartilage would you find in the intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, and TMJ?

A

Fibrocartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What type of cartilage would you find in the articular areas, nasal septum, larynx, trachea, bronchi, embryonic development, and ribs?

A

Hyaline cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe hyaline cartilage in terms of presence of a perichondrium and its major type of collagen

A

Surrounded by a perichondrium

Contains type II collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe elastic cartilage in terms of presence of a perichondrium and its major type of collagen

A

Surrounded by perichondrium

Contains type II collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe fibrocartilage in terms of presence of a perichondrium and its major type of collagen

A

NO perichondrium!

Contains type I collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Although hyaline cartilage is typically surrounded by a perichondrium, what area colonized by hyaline cartilage LACKS this perichondrium?

A

Articular cartilages lack perichondrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What type of cartilage is described as amorphous but homogeneous?

A

Hyaline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the 5 zones of developing cartilage during skeleton formation from superficial to deep (epiphyseal plate)?

A

Zone 1: resting cartilage

Zone 2: proliferating cartilage

Zone 3: hypertrophic cartilage

Zone 4: calcified cartilage

Zone 5: ossification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which compartment of the cartilage matrix is moderately staining, consists of type II collagen randomly arranged, and is high in GAGs with decreased collagen?

A

Territorial matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What compartment of the cartilage matrix surrounds the territorial matrix, less less intensely staining, contains more collagen II and fewer proteoglycans?

A

Interterritorial matrix

25
Q

____________ is the interface of dense regular CT that contains a vascular supply, and applies to hyaline and elastic cartilage only

A

Perichondrium

26
Q

What are the 2 layers of perichondrium?

A

Outer fibrous layer

Inner chondrogenic layer

27
Q

The outer fibrous layer of perichondrium is the fibroblast layer. What type of collagen does it produce?

A

Produces type I collagen and elastin

[this is the transitional zone between cartilage and surrounding general CT]

28
Q

The inner chondrogenic layer of perichondrium differentiates into ____________ and secretes _________ ____ collagen

A

Chondroblasts

Type II

29
Q

Fibrocartilage is the intermediate between cartilage and dense fibrous supporting tissue. What type of collagen is associated with fibrocartilage?

A

Types I and II

30
Q

How are chondrocytes aligned/oriented in fibrocartilage?

A

Aligned in the direction of functional stress (columns)

31
Q

What are the 2 types of growth exhibited by cartilage?

A

Appositional

Interstitial

32
Q

What type of growth takes place within the cartilage itself, and overall growth is due to secretion of new matrix?

A

Interstitial growth

33
Q

What limits interstitial growth?

A

The avascular nature of cartilage

34
Q

The key to interstitial growth is the formation of _________ groups when chondrocytes divide within ________

A

Isogenous; lacunae

35
Q

What type of growth forms new cartilage on the surface from pre-existing cartilage?

A

Appositional growth

36
Q

Where exactly does appositional growth of cartilage occur?

A

Within the inner layer of perichondrium

37
Q

T/F: With appositional growth, chondrogenic cells produce collagen II (found in perichondrium)

A

False, chondrogenic cells produce collagen I

38
Q

After appositional growth is initiated, cells become _________ and secrete collagen II and ground substances

A

Chondroblasts

39
Q

Cartilage has a modest repair capacity. Injuries to cartilage frequently result in the formation of what type of cartilage in the perichondrium?

A

Repair cartilage

[undifferentiated cells will differentiate into chondrocytes that synthesize components of the cartilage matrix]

40
Q

Repair cartilage facilitates the healing of what major type of injury?

A

Bone fracture

41
Q

Repair catilage has a matrix composition intermediate between hyaline and fibrous cartilage. What types of collagen does it contain?

A

Types I and II

42
Q

T/F: cartilage repair is age dependent, and it can be replaced by dense CT or bone

A

True

43
Q

What is the relationship between stability and mobility in joints?

A

Inverse relationship, as stability increases mobility will decrease and vice versa

44
Q

What are the 3 major types of joints classified by movement?

A

Synarthrosis - little or no movement

Amphiarthrosis - slightly mobile

Diarthrosis - freely mobile

45
Q

What component of synovial joints is an outer fibrous layer made of dense regular CT and functions to strengthen the joint?

A

Articular capsule

46
Q

What is the difference between extrinsic vs. intrinsic ligaments associated with synovial joints?

A

Extrinsic = separate from capsule

Intrinsic = part of fibrous capsule

47
Q

Articular cartilage of synovial joints is made up of hyaline cartilage (note: without perichondrium), and serves to reduce friction. Since it is avascular, what provides nutrition to the articular cartilage?

A

Synovial fluid

48
Q

The synovial membrane lines the synovial joint cavity, except for which location?

A

The articular cartilage

49
Q

What are the 2 types of synoviocytes?

A

Type A macrophage-like synovial cells

Type B fibroblast-like synovial cells

50
Q

What percentage of cells lining the synovium are type A macrophage-like synovial cells?

A

25%

51
Q

What are the major functions of type A macrophage-like synovial cells?

A

Phagocytic, contain lysosomes to clear articular cavity of debris formed by friction of articular cartilages, regulate inflammatory events

52
Q

What are the major functions of type B fibroblast-like synovial cells?

A

Produce synovial fluid (plasma filtrate)

Produce hyaluronate that combines with synovial fluid

Lubricates/nourishes the articular cartilage

53
Q

In articular cartilage of synovial joints, collagen fibers run ____________ to the tissue surface and bend gradually to form an arc

A

Perpendicular

54
Q

What are the 4 layers of articular cartilage from superficial to deep?

A

Tangential layer
Transitional layer
Radial layer
Calcified layer

55
Q

Which of the following layers of articular cartilage is described below:

Chondrocytes slightly larger and round, occurs both alone and in isogenous groups, collagen fibers take an oblique course through the matrix

A. Tangential
B. Transitional
C. Radial
D. Calcified

A

B. Transitional

56
Q

Which of the following layers of articular cartilage is described below:

Chondrocytes are small and flattented parallel to the surface, most superficial region is devoid of cells, collagen fibers run parallel to the surface

A. Tangential
B. Transitional
C. Radial
D. Calcified

A

A. Tangential

57
Q

Which of the following layers of articular cartilage is described below:

Large chondrocytes form radial columns, stacks are oriented perpendicular to the articulating surface, collagen fibers follow orientation of chondrocyte columns

A. Tangential
B. Transitional
C. Radial
D. Calcified

A

C. Radial

58
Q

Which of the following layers of articular cartilage is described below:

Rests on underlying cortex of bone, matrix stains darker than other layers

A. Tangential
B. Transitional
C. Radial
D. Calcified

A

D. Calcified

59
Q

What are some of the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis?

A 
Pain
Tenderness
Limited ROM
Swelling
Joint deformity

MSK Exam I (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions