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MSK Exam I > Lecture 4: Anterior And Medial Thigh + Femoral Triangle > Flashcards

Lecture 4: Anterior And Medial Thigh + Femoral Triangle Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the great saphenous vein begin, travel, and end?

A

Begins at medial side of dorsal venous arches of the foot

Ascends medially and passes through saphenous opening in deep fascia

Terminates in femoral vein on anterior thigh

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2
Q

The great saphenous vein corresponds to what 3 branches of femoral vein?

A

External pudendal v.

Superficial circumflex iliac v.

Superficial epigastric v.

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3
Q

What branch of the femoral vein drains the penis and scrotum in males, the vulva and lower vagina in females, and the anal canal?

A

External pudendal v.

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4
Q

What branch of the femoral vein drains the lateral thigh?

A

Superficial circumflex iliac v.

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5
Q

What branch of the femoral vein drains the anterior abdominal wall?

A

Superficial epigastric v.

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6
Q

The superficial inguinal lymph nodes are divided into what 2 groups?

A

Superior horizontal group

Inferior vertical group

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7
Q

What division of superficial inguinal lymph nodes drains the external pudendal v., superficial circumflex iliac v., and superficial epigastric v.?

A

Superior horizontal group

[the inferior vertical group drains the remaining superficial tissues of the lower extremity]

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8
Q

What are the 4 cutaneous nerves of the anterior and medial thigh?

A

Femoral cutaneous nerves (lateral, intermediate, medial)

Ilioinguinal n.

Genitofemoral n. (femoral branch)

Obturator n. (femoral branch)

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9
Q

What stucture is responsible for dividing the thigh into compartments?

A

Fascia lata (thin, dense CT that also surrounds the thighs)

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10
Q

What 2 muscles make up the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Quadriceps femoris m.

Sartorius m.

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11
Q

What are the 4 muscles that make up the quadriceps femoris m.?

A

Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus medialis

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12
Q

3 out of the 4 muscles that make up the quadriceps femoris m. originate on the shaft of the femur, but which one originates on the anterior inferior iliac spine?

What is the significance of this?

A

Rectus femoris

Since it crosses both hip and knee joints, can perform leg extension AND thigh flexion

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13
Q

What is the insertion for all 4 muscles that make up the quadriceps femoris m.?

A

Patella

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14
Q

What is the innervation supplying all 4 muscles that make up the quadriceps femoris m.?

A

Femoral n.

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15
Q

What is the general action of the quadriceps femoris m.?

A

Leg extension

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16
Q

The quadriceps femoris m. extends the leg via the _________ tendon which inserts on the _______ ________

A

Patellar; tibial tuberosity

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17
Q

Muscle origin, insertion, innervation, action:

Rectus femoris

A

Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine

Insertion: patella

Innervation: femoral n.

Action: leg extension and thigh flexion

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18
Q

Muscle origin, insertion, innervation, action:

Vastus lateralis

A

Origin: shaft of femur

Insertion: patella

Innervation: femoral n.

Function: leg extension

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19
Q

Muscle origin, insertion, innervation, action:

Vastus intermedius

A

Origin: shaft of femur

Insertion: patella

Innervation: femoral n.

Action: leg extension

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20
Q

Muscle origin, insertion, innervation, action:

Vastus medialis

A

Origin: shaft of femur

Insertion: patella

Innervation: femoral n.

Action: leg extension

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21
Q

Muscle origin, insertion, innervation, action:

Sartorius

A

Origin: anterior superior iliac spine

Insertion: medial surface of tibia inferior to tibial tuberosity

Innervation: femoral n.

Action: thigh and leg flexion (crosses hip and knee joints)

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22
Q

How many muscles are in the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

6

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23
Q

What are the 6 muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh?

A 
Gracilis
Pectineus
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
Obturator externus
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24
Q

All 6 muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh originate from the ________ aspect of the ox coxae and ________ membrane

A

Anterior; obturator

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25
Q

All 6 muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh insert on the ____ and _____

A

Femur; tibia

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26
Q

All 6 muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh are innervated by the obturator nerve except which one?

A

Pectineus m. (innervated by femoral n.)

[also note that part of the adductor magnus is innervated by tibial n.]

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27
Q

Vascular supply to the 6 muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh come from what 2 arteries?

A

Obturator a.

Profunda femoris a.

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28
Q

Origin of gracilis

A

Body and inferior ramus of pubis

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29
Q

Insertion of gracilis

A

Medial surface of tibia inferior to tibial tuberosity (between insertions of sartorius and semitendinosus)

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30
Q

Only 1/6 muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh crosses two joints, meaning it is able to both ADDUCT the thigh and FLEX the leg. Which muscle does this?

A

Gracilis

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31
Q

Origin of pectineus

A

Pecten pubis and superior ramus of pubis

32
Q

Insertion of pectineus

A

Pectineal line running from the lesser trochanter toward the linea aspera

33
Q

Innervation of pectineus

A

Femoral n.

34
Q

Innervation of gracilis

A

Obturator n.

35
Q

Action of gracilis

A

Leg flexion

Thigh adduction

36
Q

Action of pectineus

A

Medial rotation of hip

37
Q

Origin of adductor longus

A

Body and inferior ramus of pubis (same as gracilis)

38
Q

Insertion of adductor longus

A

Almost whole length of linea aspera (in line with pectineus)

39
Q

Innervation of adductor longus

A

Obturator n.

40
Q

Origin of adductor brevis

A

Body and inferior ramus of pubis (same as adductor longus and gracilis)

41
Q

Insertion of adductor brevis

A

Inferior part of pectineal line and superior part of linea aspera

42
Q

Origin of adductor magnus

A

Ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity

43
Q

Insertion of adductor magnus

A

Linea aspera and adductor tubercle

44
Q

Innervation of adductor magnus

A

Obturator n.
Tibial n.

[since portion originating from ischial tuberosity has same embryonic tissue as hamstring muscle and this is also innervated by tibial n.]

45
Q

Origin of obturator externus

A

External surface of obturator membrane and surrounding margins of pubis and ischium

46
Q

Insertion of obturator externus

A

Trochanteric fossa (passes posterior to neck of femur)

47
Q

Action of obturator externus

A

Lateral rotation of the thigh

Holds head of femur in acetabulum

48
Q

Muscle origin, insertion, action, and innervation:

Gracilis

A

Origin: body and inferior ramus of pubis

Insertion: medial surface of tibia inferior to tibial tuberosity (between insertions of sartorius and semitendinosus)

Action: flexion of leg and adduction of thigh

Innervation: obturator n.

49
Q

Muscle origin, insertion, and innervation:

Pectineus

A

Origin: pecten pubis and superior ramus of pubis

Insertion: pectineal line running from the lesser trochanter toward the linea aspera

Innervation: femoral n.

50
Q

Muscle origin, insertion, and innervation:

Adductor longus

A

Origin: body and inferior ramus of pubis

Insertion: almost whole length of linea aspera (in line with pectineus)

Innervation: obturator n.

51
Q

Muscle origin, insertion, and innervation:

Adductor brevis

A

Origin: body and inferior ramus of pubis

Insertion: inferior part of pectineal line and superior part of linea aspera

Innervation: obturator n.

52
Q

Muscle origin, insertion, and innervation:

Adductor magnus

A

Origin: ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity

Insertion: linea aspera and adductor tubercle

Innervation: obturator n. and tibial n.

53
Q

Muscle origin, insertion, and innervation:

Obturator externus

A

Origin: external surface of obturator membrane and surrounding margins of pubis and ischium

Insertion: trochanteric fossa (passes posterior to neck of femur)

Actions: lateral rotation of thigh, holds head of femur in acetabulum

54
Q

Most fibers of the fascia lata are oriented horizontally, but which part has vertically oriented fibers?

A

Iliotibial tract (IT band)

55
Q

The IT tract/band begins as an _________ of gluteus maximus and tensor fascia lata

A

Aponeurosis

56
Q

There are 1-3 lymph nodes located medial to the femoral vein (either within the femoral canal or just inferior to it); what do these drain?

A

Drain lymph FROM deep structures of lower extremities, penile urethra, glans penis, and glans clitoris INTO external iliac nodes (adjacent to external iliac artery)

57
Q

What makes up the boundaries of the femoral triangle?

A

Inguinal ligament
Medial border of sartorius
Lateral border of adductor longus

58
Q

What 2 muscles make up the “floor” of the femoral triangle?

A

Pectineus m.

Iliopsoas m.

59
Q

What two muscles come together to form the iliopsoas m.?

A

Iliacus

Psoas major

60
Q

Other than the structures that make up the boundaries of the femoral triangle, what are its contents?

A 
Femoral a. and all of its branches
Femoral v. and all of its tributaries
Femoral n.
Lymphatics
Femoral sheath
61
Q

What is the femoral sheath?

A

Extraperitoneal areolar tissue that surrounds external iliac vessels in abdomen and extends into the anterior thigh, where it surrounds femoral vessels and some lymphatic vessels deep to the fascia lata

62
Q

What are the 3 compartments of the femoral sheath and what do they contain?

A

Lateral - contains femoral a.

Middle - contains femoral v.

Medial (aka femoral canal) - contains some LNs and lymph vessels

63
Q

Which compartment of the femoral sheath is continuous with the abdominal cavity via the femoral ring?

A

Medial compartment aka femoral canal

64
Q

What is a potential pathology associated with the femoral canal?

A

Femoral hernia = abdominal viscera like small intestine protrudes through the femoral ring (superior opening of femoral canal)

3x more common in females due to differences in osteology of os coxae

65
Q

The apex of the femoral triangle leads to a narrow, triangular-shaped intermuscular tunnel roughly 6 inches long. What are the 4 muscles that make up the 3 “walls” of this tunnel?

A 
Vastus medialis (lateral wall)
Adductor longus and adductor magnus (medial wall)
Sartorius (roof)
66
Q

Other than the walls that make up the apex of the femoral triangle, what are the contents of the intermuscular tunnel?

A

Femoral a. and veins
Saphenous a.
Saphenous n.
Nerve to vastus medialis

67
Q

The femoral artery is continuous with what other artery after passing through the adductor hiatus at the inferior limit of the adductor canal?

A

Popliteal artery

68
Q

The saphenous artery and nerve become cutaneous as they pass between which 2 muscles to the medial side of the knee?

A

Gracilis

Sartorius

69
Q

The femoral a. is a continuation of what artery?

A

External iliac a.

70
Q

The femoral artery enters the thigh beneath the ________ ligament, midway between the _______ ______ _____ and ______ _____

A

Inguinal

Anterior superior iliac spine

Pubic tubercle

71
Q

What are the 4 named branches of the femoral artery?

A

External pudendal a.
Superficial circumflex iliac a.
Superficial epigastric a.
Profunda femoris a.

72
Q

Which branch of the femoral artery supplies the lateral thigh?

A

Superior circumflex iliac a.

73
Q

Which branch of the femoral a. supplies the anterior abdominal wall inferior to the umbilicus?

A

Superficial epigastric a.

74
Q

Which branch of the femoral a. supplies the penis and scrotum in males, the vulva and lower vagina in females, and the lower half of the anal canal?

A

External pudendal a.

75
Q

What are the branches of the profunda femoris (which is itself a branch of the femoral a.)?

A

2 circumflex branches (lateral and medial)

4 perforating arteries

76
Q

The profunda femoris a., a branch of the femoral a., has 2 circumflex branches (lateral and medial), and 4 perforating arteries.

What do the 2 circumflex branches supply?

A

Hip joint and gluteal region

77
Q

The profunda femoris a., a branch of the femoral a., has 2 circumflex branches (lateral and medial), and 4 perforating arteries.

What do the 4 perforating arteries supply?

A

Posterior and medial compartments of the thigh

MSK Exam I (18 decks)

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