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MSK Exam I > Lecture 13: Anterior and Posterior Leg > Flashcards

Lecture 13: Anterior and Posterior Leg Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones of the lower leg and what holds them together?

A

Tibia and fibula

Held together by interosseous membrane

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2
Q

What important anatomical structures are included in the superficial fascia of the leg?

A

Saphenous veins = great saphenous v. and lesser saphenous v.

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3
Q

Where do the saphenous veins arise from?

A

Dorsal venous plexus of the foot

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4
Q

Describe the path of the great saphenous v. as it arises from the dorsal venous plexus of the foot

A

Ascends anteriorly to the medial malleolus, up the medial leg, becomes a tributary to the femoral v. in the femoral triangle

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5
Q

Describe the path of the lesser saphenous v. as it arises from the dorsal venous plexus of the foot

A

Ascends posteriorly to the lateral malleolus and then continues on the back of the leg to become a tributary to the popliteal v.

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6
Q

What 5 nerves provide cutaneous innervation to the lower leg?

A 
Posterior femoral cutaneous n.
Saphenous n.
Superficial peroneal n.
Lateral sural cutaneous n.
Medial sural cutaneous n.
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7
Q

What is the deep investing fascia of the leg?

A

Crural fascia

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8
Q

Where does the crural fascia attach to the leg?

A

Anterior and medial borders of the tibia

2 intermuscular septa also extend from the crural fascia to the fibula (anterior + posterior)

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9
Q

What divides the lower leg into 3 compartments?

A

Interosseous membrane + 2 intermuscular septa formed by crural fascia

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10
Q

In general, what action is performed by the contents of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Anterior compartment contains the dorsiflexors of the ankle

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11
Q

What innervates all muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg, and what is this a terminal branch of?

A

All muscles are innervated by the deep peroneal n., which is a terminal branch of the common peroneal n.

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12
Q

What is the blood supply to the anterior compartment of the leg, and what is this a terminal branch of?

A

Anterior tibial a., which is a terminal branch of the popliteal a.

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13
Q

What are the muscular contents of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibialis anterior m.
Extensor digitorum longus m.
Peroneus tertius m.
Extensor hallucis longus m.

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14
Q

Origin of tibialis anterior

A

Upper 2/3 of lateral shaft of tibia + interosseus membrane

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15
Q

Insertion of tibialis anterior

A

Medial side of medial (1st) cuneiform + base of 1st metatarsal

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16
Q

Action of tibialis anterior

A

Dorsiflexion and inversion of foot

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17
Q

Origin of extensor digitorum longus

A

Anterior surface of fibula + interosseus membrane

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18
Q

Insertion of extensor digitorum longus

A

Middle and distal phalanges of toes 2-5 (by way of dorsal expansions)

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19
Q

Action of extensor digitorum longus

A

Extension of toes, dorsiflexion and eversion of foot

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20
Q

Origin of peroneus tertius

A

Distal fibula + interosseus membrane

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21
Q

Insertion of peroneus tertius

A

Base of 5th metatarsal

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22
Q

Action of peroneus tertius

A

Dorsiflexion and eversion of foot

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23
Q

Origin of extensor hallucis longus

A

Middle of 1/2 of anterior fibula + interosseus membrane

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24
Q

Insertion of extensor hallucis longus

A

Base of distal phalanx of big toe

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25
Q

Action of extensor hallucis longus

A

Extension of big toe, dorsiflexion of foot

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26
Q

Origin/insertion/action:

Tibialis anterior m.

A

Origin: upper 2/3 of lateral shaft of tibia + interosseus membrane

Insertion: medial side of medial (1st) cuneiform + base of 1st metatarsal

Action: dorsiflexion and inversion of foot

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27
Q

Origin/insertion/action:

Extensor digitorum longus m.

A

Origin: anterior surface of fibula + interosseus membrane

Insertion: middle and distal phalanges of toes 2-5 (by way of dorsal expansion)

Action: extension of toes, dorsiflexion and eversion of foot

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28
Q

Origin/insertion/action:

Peroneus tertius m.

A

Origin: distal fibula + interosseus membrane

Insertion: base of 5th metatarsal

Action: dorsiflexion and eversion of foot

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29
Q

Origin/insertion/action:

Extensor hallucis longus m.

A

Origin: middle of 1/2 of anterior fibula + interosseus membrane

Insertion: base of distal phalanx of big toe

Action: extension of big toe, dorsiflexion of foot

30
Q

What compartment of the leg contains 2 muscles that serve to evert the foot?

A

Lateral compartment

31
Q

What supplies innervation to the lateral compartment of the leg and what is this a terminal branch of?

A

Superficial peroneal n., which is a terminal branch of the common peroneal n.

32
Q

What is the blood supply to the lateral compartment of the leg, and what does this branch off of?

A

Fibular circumflex aa. = branches of peroneal a.

33
Q

What are the muscular contents of the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Peroneus longus m.

Peroneus brevis m.

34
Q

Origin of peroneus longus

A

Lateral shaft of head of fibula

35
Q

Insertion of peroneus longus

A

Medial (1st) cuneiform + base of 5th metatarsal

36
Q

Action of peroneus longus m.

A

Plantar flexion and eversion of foot, supports arch of foot

37
Q

Origin of peroneus brevis

A

Lateral shaft of fibula

38
Q

Insertion of peroneus brevis

A

Base of 5th metatarsal

39
Q

Action of peroneus brevis

A

Plantar flexion of foot

40
Q

Origin/insertion/action:

Peroneus longus m.

A

Origin: lateral shaft of head of fibula

Insertion: medial (1st) cuneiform + base of 5th metatarsal

Action: plantar flexion and eversion of foot; supports arch of foot

41
Q

Origin/insertion/action:

Peroneus brevis m.

A

Origin: lateral shaft of fibula

Insertion: base of 5th metatarsal

Action: plantar flexion of foot

42
Q

What provides innervation to the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibial n.

43
Q

What muscles are present in the posterior compartment of the leg?

A 
Gastrocnemius (lateral + medial heads)
Soleus
Plantaris
Popliteus
Flexor hallucis longus
Flexor digitorum longus
Tibialis posterior
44
Q

Origin of gastrocnemius

A

Just superior to lateral+medial epicondyles of femur

45
Q

Insertion of gastrocnemius

A

Middle of posterior surface of calcaneus

46
Q

Action of gastrocnemius

A

Flexion of leg, plantar flexion of foot

47
Q

Origin of soleus

A

Upper posterior surface of fibula

48
Q

Insertion of soleus

A

Middle of posterior surface of calcaneus (same as gastroc)

49
Q

Action of soleus

A

Plantar flexion of foot

50
Q

Origin of plantaris

A

Lower lateral supracondylar line + popliteal surface of femur

51
Q

Insertion of plantaris

A

Calcaneus tendon

52
Q

Action of plantaris

A

Insignificant/unknown

53
Q

Origin of popliteus

A

Tendon just inferior to lateral epicondyle of femur

54
Q

Insertion of popliteus

A

Posterior tibia above popliteal line

55
Q

Action of popliteus

A

Flexion of leg, rotation of tibia medially

56
Q

Origin of flexor hallucis longus

A

Lower 2/3 of posterior fibula + interosseus membrane

57
Q

Insertion of flexor hallucis longus

A

Base of distal phalanx of big toe

58
Q

Action of flexor hallucis longus

A

Flexion of distal phalanx of big toe

59
Q

Origin of flexor digitorum longus

A

Posterior surface of tibia below popliteal line

60
Q

Insertion of flexor digitorum longus

A

Plantar surface of base of distal phalanges of toes 2-5

61
Q

Action of flexor digitorum longus

A

Flexion of distal phalanges of toes 2-5

62
Q

Origin of tibialis posterior

A

Interosseous membrane and posterior shaft of tibia+fibula

63
Q

Insertion of tibialis posterior

A

Tuberosity of navicular, cuboid, 3 cuneiforms, + bases of 2-4th metatarsals

64
Q

Action of tibialis posterior

A

Inversion of foot; assists in plantar flexion

65
Q

Origin/insertion/action:

Gastrocnemius m.

A

Origin: superior to epicondyles of femur

Insertion: calcaneus

Action: leg flexion, foot plantar flexion

66
Q

Origin/insertion/action:

Soleus m.

A

Origin: upper posterior fibula

Insertion: calcaneus

Action: plantar flexion of foot

67
Q

Origin/insertion/action:

Plantaris m.

A

Origin: lateral supracondylar line + popliteal surface of femur

Insertion: calcaneus tendon

Action: insignificant

68
Q

Origin/insertion/action:

Popliteus m.

A

Origin: tendon just inferior to lateral epicondyle of femur

Insertion: posterior tibia above popliteal line

Action: flexion of leg, rotation of tibia medially

69
Q

Origin/insertion/action:

Flexor hallucis longus m.

A

Origin: posterior tibia below popliteal line

Insertion: plantar surface of base of distal phalanges of toes 2-5

Action: flexion of distal phalanges of toes 2-5

70
Q

Origin/insertion/action:

Tibialis posterior m.

A

Origin: interosseous membrane and posterior shaft of tibia+fibula

Insertion: tuberosity of navicular, cuboid, 3 cuneiforms, and bases of 2-4 metatarsals

Action: inversion of foot, assists in plantar flexion

MSK Exam I (18 decks)

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