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First Semester: Microscopic Anatomy > Lecture 5: Epithelium Cont > Flashcards

Lecture 5: Epithelium Cont Flashcards

1
Q

Two ways of classifying lining epithelia

A
  1. Number of layers

2. Shape of surface cells

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2
Q

Three types of “number of layer” classification

A

Simple - 1 layer
Stratified - 2 or more
Special case: transitional epithelium

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3
Q

Four types of “shape of surface cell” classification

A

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
Stratified cuboidal/columnar (uncommon)

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4
Q

Squamous nucleus

A

flat, on top

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5
Q

Cuboidal nucleus

A

Middle

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6
Q

Columnar nucleus

A

Close to basal membrane

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7
Q

Simple squamous epithelium is composed of

A

flat, elongated cells, with round to oval nuclei, often centrally located

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8
Q

Simple squamous epithelium common locations (4)

A
  1. Lining of moist internal surfaces such as pleural, pericardial and peritoneal cavities. This general structure is known as mesothelium
  2. Alveolar walls
  3. The luminal surface of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels, cells known as endothelial cells
  4. Capsule of renal glomeruli
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9
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium

A

Cuboidal shape, all sides are approximately the same sixe, cell limits are often well defined

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10
Q

4 examples of simple cuboidal epithelium

A
  1. Lining ducts if many glands
  2. Choroid plexus in brain
  3. Lining follicles of thyroid glands
  4. Lens of the eye
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11
Q

Simple columnar epithelium

A

Tall, narrow cells with ovoid nucleus located near the base of the cell

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12
Q

Examples of simple columnar epithelium (2)

A
  1. Lining the luminal surface of stomach, small and large intestine, gall bladder
  2. Lining the surface of the uterus and the uterine tube
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13
Q

Psuedostratified epithelium

A
  • Composed of a single layer of irregularly shaped and sized cells
  • All cells contact the underlying basement membrane, but not all of them reach the surface
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14
Q

Examples of psuedostratified epithelium (3)

A
  1. Nasal cavity
  2. Upper respiratory tract
  3. Male reproductive: duct of the epididymis and ductus deferns
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15
Q

Psuedostratified columnar epithelium

A

All cells touch basement membrane but all cells are not of the same height and some cells don’t reach the surface

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16
Q

Kartagener’s Syndrome

A
  • Congenital inherited malformation

- Dyein arms are missing in axonema of cilia and sperm tails

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17
Q

Two problems that come with Kartagener’s Syndrome

A
  • Chronical respiratory infection - due to absence of cleansing activity of cilia in upper airways
  • Male sterility - resulting from non-motile sperm cells
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18
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium

A
  • Composed of several layers of cells

- Superficial cells determine the name = superficial cells have squamous shape

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19
Q

Two types of squamous epithelium

A

Keratinized

Non-keratinized

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20
Q

Examples of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium (4)

A
  • Cornea
  • Esophagus
  • Oral cavity
  • Vagina
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21
Q

Examples of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium (4)

A
  • Epidermis
  • Proventricles
  • Oral cavity
  • Vagina in estrus
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22
Q

Examples of stratified cuboidal/columnar epithelium (2)

A
  • Ducts of some glands

- Conjuctiva

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23
Q

Example of transitional epithelium

A

Lining of urinary tract

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24
Q

Stratified keratinized squamous epithelium

A

Cells on the surface lost their nuclei and are composed mainly of keratin

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25
Q

Keratin

A

A water-resistant protein, provides protection

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26
Q

Do stratified squamous keratinized epithelium have nuclei?

A

No

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27
Q

Transitional epithelium

A
  • Superficial cuboidal cells bulge into lumen
  • Superficial cells become flattened or squamous when organ is distended
  • Superficial cells have a specialized plasma membrane providing an osmotic barrier between urine and tissue fluids
28
Q

Glandular epithelium produce

A

saliva, mucus, sweat, enzymes, acid, sebum, tear film, milk, hormones, cerumen, oil

29
Q

5 ways to classify glandular epithelium

A
  1. According to the number of cells in the gland = unicellular vs multicellular
  2. Shape of duct
  3. Shape of adenomera
  4. Type of product
  5. Mode of secretion
30
Q

Unicellular gland

A

Found in epithelial lining, glands of intestine, and in the respiratory tract

31
Q

Example of unicellular gland

A 
Goblet cells (only one)
Have a cup shape due to the presence of abundant mucinogen granules
32
Q

In a goblet cell, where are the mucinogen droplets seen?

A

In the apical part of the cell

33
Q

Do exocrine cells have ducts?

A

Yes

34
Q

Do endocrine cells have ducts?

A

No

35
Q

Adenomere

A
  • Cells of the exocrine secretory end-piece

- Secretory unit that manufactures the product

36
Q

What cells express product of adenomeres into the duct system?

A

Myoepithelial cells

37
Q

Purpose of ducts

A

Convey products to needed location

38
Q

Two types of ducts

A

Simple - one opening draining the gland

Compound - duct branches many times

39
Q

What kind of epithelial cells can ducts be lined with?

A
  • Simple cuboidal
  • Simple columnar
  • Stratified cuboidal/columnar epithelium
40
Q

Large glands are typically subdivided into

A

lobules

41
Q

Three ways to classify based on the shape of adenomeres

A
  1. Tubular
  2. Acinar
  3. Alveolar
42
Q

Tubular adenomere

A

straight or coiled

Examples: sweat gland, stomach glands, colon glands

43
Q

Acinar adenomere

A

pie-shaped, small lumen
Examples:
pancreas, salivary glands

44
Q

Alveolar

A

large lumen

Examples: mammary gland, prostate, sebaceous glands

45
Q

Simple tubular glands placement

A

Diaphram and small intestine

46
Q

Tubular adenomere placement

A

Intestinal glands in large intestine

47
Q

Simple coiled tubular glands example

A

diagram and sweat gland

48
Q

Acinar shape corresponds to what unit

A

rounded secretory unit

49
Q

4 ways to classify according to product

A
  1. Serous
  2. Mucous
  3. Mixed
  4. Sebaceous
50
Q

Serous

A

Watery product, contains enzymes

Ex. sweat

51
Q

Mucous

A

slick, viscous secretion

52
Q

Mixed

A

A gland producing both mucus and serous secretion

53
Q

Sebaceous

A

oily secretion, often known as sebum

54
Q

Serous gland

A

cells with rounded nuclei, the cytoplasm is basophilic in the basal portion and acidophilic in the apical part (zymogen granules)

55
Q

Mucus gland

A
  • Cells with flat heterochromatic nuclei at the base of each cell
  • Cytoplasm is vacuolated (frothy) and pale
  • Mucinogen granules are not detectable with routine stains
56
Q

Mixed gland

A

Mucous and serous cells sharing a common duct system, mucous acinar units with associated cresent of serous cells, a “serous demilune”

57
Q

Sebaceous gland

A
  • Centrally located nuclei

- Cytoplasm is pale and “foamy” as liquid droplets are washed out during processing

58
Q

Four modes of secretion

A
  1. Merocrine
  2. Apocrine
  3. Holocrine
  4. Endocrine
59
Q

Merocrine

A

Smooth lumen, no cytoplasm lost producing secretion

60
Q

Apocrine

A

apex bulges, some cytoplasm is lost producing secretion

61
Q

Holocrine

A

entire cell is the product

62
Q

Endocrine

A

secreted product is directed

63
Q

Myoepithelial cells

A

contractile, associated with salivary, mammary, and sweat glands

64
Q

4 types of “Other” epithelium

A

Sensory
pigmented
germinal
seminiferous

65
Q

Epithelial cells repair

A
  • They’re constantly lost and replaced
  • Stem cells are present which have high mitotic potential
  • Location of stem cell varies depending on type of epithelium and function

First Semester: Microscopic Anatomy (23 decks)

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