Lecture 19: Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

5 major functions of the female reproductive system

A
  1. Exocrine - production of the female gametes
  2. Endocrine - production of female sex hormones
  3. Reception of male gametes and provision of a suitable environment for fertilization
  4. Provision of a suitable environment for fetal development
  5. Nutrition of the newborn
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2
Q

Two major functions of the ovaries

A
  1. Produce the female gametes

2. Produce the sex hormones

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3
Q

Two basic structures of ovaries

A
  1. Cortex - broad peripheral zone containing follicles in various stages of development
  2. Medulla - contains connective tissue, nerves, blood, and lymph vessels
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4
Q

Ovary cortex is lined by

A

Low cuboidal epithelium

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5
Q

Underneath the epithelium of the ovarian cortex is

A

A layer of connective tissue called the tunica albuginea

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6
Q

Folliculogenesis

A

Continuous process throughout reproductive life whereby primordial follicles undergo maturation during each reproductive cycle

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7
Q

Follicular growth and maturation is dependent on

A

Follicular stimulating hormone from the adenohypophysis

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8
Q

Luteinizing hormone is important for

A

estrogen synthesis and ovulation

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9
Q

Primordial follicle primary oocyte

A
  • Enclosed by flattened simple squamous follicular cells that rest on the basal lamina
  • Retained in a resting stage from the time they formed in the fetal ovary
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10
Q

Primary follicle primary oocyte

A

Enclosed by a simple cuboidal layer of follicular cells

Oocyte is larger than that found in a primordial follicle

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11
Q

Secondary follicle primary oocyte

A

Enclosed by several layers of follicular cells

Follicular cells proliferate through mitosis and are called granulosa cells

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12
Q

When follicular cells proliferate through mitosis, they are called

A

granulosa cells

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13
Q

Zona pellucida

A

Glycoprotein layer loacted at the interphase between the oocyte and granulosa cells

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14
Q

Theca cells

A

Large, pale staining spindle-shaped cells that have the morphology of steroid producing/metabolizing cells

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15
Q

Granulosa cells

A

Acquire receptors for follicle stimulating hormone

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16
Q

(Tertiary follicles) As follicle becomes larger, what appears?

A

Small liquid-filled areas appear between the granulosa cells (Antrum)

17
Q

Fluid inside antrum of tertiary follicles is called

A

liquor folliculi

18
Q

Majority of follicles degenerate through

A

atresia

19
Q

In follicular atresia, the oocyte, zona pellucida, and follicular cells

A

degenerate and are absorbed

20
Q

During follicular atresia, the basal lamina of the granula cells

A

becomes hyalinized (glassy membrane)

21
Q

In follicular atresia, the theca interna cells

A

blend back in with the stroma

22
Q

During follicular atresia in the queen, bitch, and rodents, the theca interna cells

A

may persists as interstitial endocrine cells

23
Q

Describe the development of the corpus luteum

A
  1. After ovulation, the blood flows into the antrum and thre ruptured follicle becomes the corpus hemorrhagicum
  2. Capillaries from the stroma invade the collapsed follicle and convert it into a temporary endocrine organ called the corpus luteum
24
Q

Luteinization

A

The process by which the granulosa and theca cells transform into luteal cells (hypertrophy and hyperplasia)

25
Q

In response to FSH and LH, granulosa lutein cells produce

A

progesterone and estrogens

26
Q

In response to LH, theca lutein cells produce

A

progesterone

27
Q

Yellow pigment (lutein) of the corpus luteum appears in what species?

Where does it not appear?

A
  • Carnivores, mares, cows

- Sows, ewes, and goats

28
Q

Involution of the corpus luteum results in

A

A fibrous scar called corpus albicans

29
Q

Oviduct

A

A muscular tube derived from the mullerian ducts

On one end it opens into the uterine cavity and at the other into the peritoneal cavity

30
Q

5 functions of the oviduct

A
  1. Receive ovum - very active during ovulation; ovum is picked up by the fimbriae and directed into the oviduct
  2. Cilia assist the transport
  3. Epithelial secretions promote capacitation of sperm
  4. Provide a favorable microenvironment for fertilization (ampulla)
  5. Transport the zygote to the uterus for implantation
31
Q

Mucosa epithelium of the oviduct

A

Simple columnar or psuedostratified columnar, with motile cilia on most cells

32
Q

Non-ciliated cells on the oviduct have secretory granules in the cytoplasm because…

A

Provides nutrients to the ovum

33
Q

Three functions of the uterus

A
  1. Provides a sterile environment for the development