Lecture 19: Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

5 major functions of the female reproductive system

A
  1. Exocrine - production of the female gametes
  2. Endocrine - production of female sex hormones
  3. Reception of male gametes and provision of a suitable environment for fertilization
  4. Provision of a suitable environment for fetal development
  5. Nutrition of the newborn
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2
Q

Two major functions of the ovaries

A
  1. Produce the female gametes

2. Produce the sex hormones

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3
Q

Two basic structures of ovaries

A
  1. Cortex - broad peripheral zone containing follicles in various stages of development
  2. Medulla - contains connective tissue, nerves, blood, and lymph vessels
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4
Q

Ovary cortex is lined by

A

Low cuboidal epithelium

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5
Q

Underneath the epithelium of the ovarian cortex is

A

A layer of connective tissue called the tunica albuginea

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6
Q

Folliculogenesis

A

Continuous process throughout reproductive life whereby primordial follicles undergo maturation during each reproductive cycle

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7
Q

Follicular growth and maturation is dependent on

A

Follicular stimulating hormone from the adenohypophysis

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8
Q

Luteinizing hormone is important for

A

estrogen synthesis and ovulation

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9
Q

Primordial follicle primary oocyte

A
  • Enclosed by flattened simple squamous follicular cells that rest on the basal lamina
  • Retained in a resting stage from the time they formed in the fetal ovary
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10
Q

Primary follicle primary oocyte

A

Enclosed by a simple cuboidal layer of follicular cells

Oocyte is larger than that found in a primordial follicle

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11
Q

Secondary follicle primary oocyte

A

Enclosed by several layers of follicular cells

Follicular cells proliferate through mitosis and are called granulosa cells

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12
Q

When follicular cells proliferate through mitosis, they are called

A

granulosa cells

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13
Q

Zona pellucida

A

Glycoprotein layer loacted at the interphase between the oocyte and granulosa cells

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14
Q

Theca cells

A

Large, pale staining spindle-shaped cells that have the morphology of steroid producing/metabolizing cells

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15
Q

Granulosa cells

A

Acquire receptors for follicle stimulating hormone

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16
Q

(Tertiary follicles) As follicle becomes larger, what appears?

A

Small liquid-filled areas appear between the granulosa cells (Antrum)

17
Q

Fluid inside antrum of tertiary follicles is called

A

liquor folliculi

18
Q

Majority of follicles degenerate through

19
Q

In follicular atresia, the oocyte, zona pellucida, and follicular cells

A

degenerate and are absorbed

20
Q

During follicular atresia, the basal lamina of the granula cells

A

becomes hyalinized (glassy membrane)

21
Q

In follicular atresia, the theca interna cells

A

blend back in with the stroma

22
Q

During follicular atresia in the queen, bitch, and rodents, the theca interna cells

A

may persists as interstitial endocrine cells

23
Q

Describe the development of the corpus luteum

A
  1. After ovulation, the blood flows into the antrum and thre ruptured follicle becomes the corpus hemorrhagicum
  2. Capillaries from the stroma invade the collapsed follicle and convert it into a temporary endocrine organ called the corpus luteum
24
Q

Luteinization

A

The process by which the granulosa and theca cells transform into luteal cells (hypertrophy and hyperplasia)

25
In response to FSH and LH, granulosa lutein cells produce
progesterone and estrogens
26
In response to LH, theca lutein cells produce
progesterone
27
Yellow pigment (lutein) of the corpus luteum appears in what species? Where does it not appear?
- Carnivores, mares, cows | - Sows, ewes, and goats
28
Involution of the corpus luteum results in
A fibrous scar called corpus albicans
29
Oviduct
A muscular tube derived from the mullerian ducts On one end it opens into the uterine cavity and at the other into the peritoneal cavity
30
5 functions of the oviduct
1. Receive ovum - very active during ovulation; ovum is picked up by the fimbriae and directed into the oviduct 2. Cilia assist the transport 3. Epithelial secretions promote capacitation of sperm 4. Provide a favorable microenvironment for fertilization (ampulla) 5. Transport the zygote to the uterus for implantation
31
Mucosa epithelium of the oviduct
Simple columnar or psuedostratified columnar, with motile cilia on most cells
32
Non-ciliated cells on the oviduct have secretory granules in the cytoplasm because...
Provides nutrients to the ovum
33
Three functions of the uterus
1. Provides a sterile environment for the development