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First Semester: Microscopic Anatomy > Lecture 18: Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Lecture 18: Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

4 functions of male reproductive organs

A
  1. Production of male sex cells
  2. Production of the male sex hormone testosterone
  3. Introduction of male gametes into the female reproductive organs
  4. Production of other hormones such as PMDH/AMH in male embryo and inhibin in adult
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2
Q

Where is the site of spermatogenesis

A

Testis

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3
Q

Where is the site of the production of sex hormones

A

Testis

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4
Q

Parenchyma of testes is composed of

A

Seminiferous tubules with sertoli cells

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5
Q

Interstitium of testes contains

A

Interstitial cells of leydig

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6
Q

Two testicular tunics

A
  1. Tunicae vaginalis

2. Tunica albuinea

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7
Q

Tunica vaginalis is composed of

A

Mesothelium and a connective layer

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8
Q

Two components of the tunica vaginalis

A
  1. Parietal, which blends and is attached to the CT of the scrotum
  2. Visceral, surrounds the testis and the epididymis
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9
Q

Tunica albuginea

A

A capsule of dense connective tissue composed to collagen fibers, a few elastic fibers and myofibroblasts

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10
Q

Tunica albuginea is continuous with

A

Connective tissue trabeculae named septule testis

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11
Q

What separates the seminiferous tubules

A

Septule testis

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12
Q

Seminiferous tubules are lined by

A

spermatogenic epithelium

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13
Q

What are located between seminiferous tubules

A

Leydig

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14
Q

Spermatogenic epithelium is surrounded by

A

Lamina propria of collagen and elastic fibers

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15
Q

What are the most immature spermatogenic cells

A

spermatogonia

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16
Q

Spermatogonia lies next to

A

the basement membrane

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17
Q

Spermatic pathway

A
  1. Seminiferous tubules
  2. Tubuli recti
  3. Rete testis
  4. Efferent ductules
  5. Epididymal duct
  6. Ductus Vas deferens
  7. Pelvic urethra
  8. Penile urethra
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18
Q

Seminoma

A

Composed of intratubular neoplastic cells with characteristics of seminiferous cells, which are compressing adjacent tubules

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19
Q

Sertoli cells are characterized by

A

Presence of tight junctions that divide the seminiferous epithelium into a basal and adluminal compartment

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20
Q

Six functions of sertoli cells

A
  1. Support, protect, nourish spermatogenic cells
  2. Secrete supporting testicular fluid
  3. Protect (via tight junctions) spermatids from the immune system
  4. Have receptors for SH, which results in a release of androgen binding protein, which binds to androgens and influences germ cell differentiation
  5. Synthesizes anti-Mulleriuan hormone in the embryo and prevents the formation of the mullerian duct and oviduct
  6. Releases hormone inhibin which suppresses secretion of FSH
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21
Q

Nucleus of Leydig cells

A

small, round, euchromatic, and eccentric

22
Q

Cytoplasm of Leydig cells

A

Acidophilic and foamy due to lipid presence

23
Q

What do Leydig cells secrete

A

Testosterone

24
Q

What are Leydg cells controlled by

A

Interstitial cells stimulating hormone (ICSH)

25
Q

Testosterone is produced by

A

Leydig cells

26
Q

Three androgenic responsibilities of testosterone

A
  1. Responsible for secondary male sex characteristics
  2. Sex drive
  3. Stimulates development and secretory activity of male sex accessory glands
27
Q

Anabolic effect of testosterone

A

Stimulates growth of skeletal muscles and bones

28
Q

4 things the spermatic cord is composed of

A
  1. Testicular artery
  2. Testicular vein
  3. Lymphatics
  4. Ductus deferens
29
Q

Seminiferous tubules terminate…

A

As straight testicular tubules that empty into the anastomising channels of the rete testis

30
Q

What lines the rete testis

A

Simple squamous to cuboidal

31
Q

Rete testis empties into

A

efferent ductules which lead to the epipidymal duct

32
Q

Epididymal ductis lined by

A

Psuedostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia

33
Q

Three main functions of epididymal duct

A
  1. Fluid resorption (90%)
  2. Secretion of glycerophosphocholine
  3. Site of sperm storage (in the tail)
34
Q

What is the ductus deferens lined by

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia

35
Q

Ductus deferens is characterized by

A

Prominent muscularis = peristaltic contractions that propel spermatozoa

36
Q

Terminal portion of the ductus deferens

A

ejaculatory duct

37
Q

Ampulla

A

A male accessory gland located near the junction of the urethra and the ductus deferens in ruminants

38
Q

4 Accessory sex glands

A
  1. Bulbourethral glands
  2. Prostate gland
  3. Ampullary gland
  4. Vesicular gland (seminal vesicles)
39
Q

Accessory glands are lined by

A

simple or psuedostratified epithelium

40
Q

What accessory glands are tubuloalveolar

A

All of them

41
Q

Seminal vesicles are lined by

A

psuedostratified epithelium with tall columnar cells and basal cells

42
Q

Are vesicular glands present in carnivores?

43
Q

Purpose of seminal vesicles

A

Produce fructose which is the source of energy for sperm cells

44
Q

Prostate

A

Multilobulated gland that surrounds the prostatic urethra

45
Q

Prostate is surrounded by

A

a fibroelastic capsule

46
Q

Prostate is lined by

A

simple cuboidal to columnar, sometimes psuedostratified epithelium

47
Q

What is often seen in the lumen of the prostate gland

A

corpora amylacea

48
Q

What kind of muscle surrounds the prostate gland

49
Q

Bulbourethral glands empty into the

A

pelvic urethra

50
Q

Bulbourethral glands are lined by

A

tall simple cuboidal/columnar epithelium

51
Q

What acts as a lubricant in the urethra?

A

Mucous secretion

52
Q

Three portions of the male urethra

A
  1. Prostatic
  2. Pelvic
  3. Penile

First Semester: Microscopic Anatomy (23 decks)

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