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First Semester: Microscopic Anatomy > Lecture 21: Digestive System 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 21: Digestive System 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Saliva contains

A

Water, salts, mucin, enzymes (amylase, maltase, lipase), IgA, lysosome, lactoferrin, and suspended cells (desquamated epithelial cells, leukocytes, bacteria)

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2
Q

4 functions of saliva

A
  1. Digestion
  2. Provide moisture and lube
  3. Participates in local immunity
  4. Provides evaporative cooling
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3
Q

Major salivary glands

A
  1. Parotid
  2. Sublingual
  3. Submandibular
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4
Q

Minor salivary glands

A
  1. Lingual
  2. Palatal
  3. Labial
  4. Buccal
  5. Zygomatic (carnivores)
  6. Molar (cats)
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5
Q

Three types of secretions in salivary glands

A
  1. Serous
  2. Mucus
  3. Mixed
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6
Q

Stroma (large salivary glands)

A
  • Connective tissue capsule and trabeculae
  • Blood vessels and lymph vessels
  • Nerves and intramural ganglion
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7
Q

Parenchyma (large salivary glands)

A
  • Adenomeres as secretory units

- Ducts (intercalated, intralobular/striated, interlobular)

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8
Q

Largest visceral organ, weighing 1-4% body weight

A

liver

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9
Q

Dual blood supply of the liver sinusoids

A
  • 70% to 80% of blood comes from the portal vein

- Smaller amount supplied by the hepatic artery, blood rich in O2

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10
Q

Each lobe of the liver is covered by

A

mesothelium located over a CT layer known as the capsule of glisson

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11
Q

Hepatocytes

A

Parenchymal cells arranged in plates with adjacent sinusoids

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12
Q

Plates in liver are organized into

A

hepatic lobules

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13
Q

Chylomicrons are mainly transported by

A

lymph vessels

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14
Q

Exocrine secretion of the liver that is important for the digestion of lipids

A

Bile

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15
Q

Two poles of hepatocytes

A

Bile pole

Vascular

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16
Q

Hepatic sinusoid

A

fenestrated capillary (without diaphragms, do not have basal lamina).

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17
Q

Lipids and carbs are stored on the liver in the form of

A

triglycerides and glycogen

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18
Q

Hepatocyte function

A

Supplies body with energy between meals

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19
Q

What are seen at the edges of the hepatic lobule

A

Portal tract with a branch of the hepatic artery, branch of the portal vein, and bile ductules

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20
Q

Blood from portal area enters _____ and…

A

sinusoids and flows towards central vein

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21
Q

Blood leaves liver via

A

hepatic vein to the caudal vena cava

22
Q

Where are Kupffer cells (macrophages) located in the liver

A

adjacent to the sinusoids

23
Q

Bile in cannuli flows

A

in opposite direction to the blood to reach bile ductules within the portal triads

24
Q

Structural unit of classical liver lobule

A

hepatic lobule

25
Q

Shape of hepatic lobule

A

Hexagonal (polyhedral)

26
Q

What is the axis of the hepatic lobule

A

central vein

27
Q

Blood flows towards what in the hepatic lobule

A

towards axis

28
Q

Physiological unit of liver

A

Portal lobule

29
Q

Shape of portal lobule

A

triangular

30
Q

Axis of portal lobule

A

Portal area (triad)

31
Q

Bile flows towards where in portal lobule

32
Q

Hepatic acinus

A

The vascular flow pattern between lobules

33
Q

Hepatic acinus pattern

A

Begins at triad, flows towards central veins via sinusoidal capillaries

34
Q

Hepatocytes nearest to central vein receive blood ____ in O2, ____ to be damaged if vascular compromise exists

A

lowest

first

35
Q

Zone 1 of hepatic acinus

A
  • High O2
  • High nutrients
  • High pathogen exposure
36
Q

Zone 2 of hepatic acinus

A
  • Moderate O2
  • Moderate nutrients
  • Moderate pathogen exposure
37
Q

Zone 3 of hepatic acinus

A

-Low O2, nutrients, and pathogen exposure

38
Q

Gallbladder accepts

A

bile from cystic duct for storage

39
Q

When gallbladder is empty, what is seen?

A

Abundant mucosal folds

40
Q

Gallbladder structure

A

Simple columnar epithelium that has microvilli, tight junctions, mitochondria, and secretory vesicles

41
Q

Epithelial cells in the gallbladder are capable of modifying bile by

A

concentrate it by absorption of H2O and inorganic salt

42
Q

Does the gallbladder have a lamina muscularis mucosae?

43
Q

What surrounds almost the entirety of the gallbladder

A

Tunica serosa

44
Q

Exocrine pancreas is composed of

A

tubuloacinar secretory units

45
Q

Tubuloacinar units of the pancreas drain into

A

intercalated ducts lined by cuboidal cells

46
Q

Pancreas resembles a serous salivary parotid gland, from which it differs in that

A
  1. Pancreas has no striated ducts
  2. The duct system in pancreas is less developed
  3. Pancreas has endocrine pancreatic islets of Langerhans
47
Q

Two parts of the pancreas

A
  1. Stroma

2. Parenchyma

48
Q

Stroma of pancreas

A

Thin CT capsule + trabeculae with blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves (pacinian corpuscles)

49
Q

Endocrine and exocrine percentages of parenchyma in pancreas

A

5% endocrine

95% exocrine

50
Q

Secretory part of pancreas

A

Acinar cells

Centroacinar cells

First Semester: Microscopic Anatomy (23 decks)

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