Lecture 5: cont

Question 1

Where are the climbing fibers coming from and which neurotransmitters are used for communication?

Answer 1

Contralateral inferior olivary nuclei
glutamate or aspartate

Question 2

Parallel fibers are axons of _________ cells

Answer 2

granule

Question 3

Inhibition vs. Disinhibition:
Parallel fibers activate Purkinje cell and _________/______ cell
Negatively regulated by ________ cell: ______ aspect of signal processing

Answer 3

basket/stellate
Golgi; temporal

Question 4

Inhibition vs. Disinhibition:
Purkinje cells in flanking zones will be ________ by basket and stellate cells: ______ aspect
Selectively inhibit/dishinbit of nuclei both _______ &______ aspect

Answer 4

inhibited; spatial
temporal and spatial

Question 5

Regulating Firing Rate of Purkinje cells:
_________ only from inferior olivary nuclei
-complex spike, “calcium spike”
_________synaspe with granule cells —> activate target cells through _______ fibers

Answer 5

Climbing fibers
Mossy fibers; parallel fibers

Question 6

Climbing and Multilayered fibers are only temporal effects? True or False

Answer 6

False: both temporal and spatial

Question 7

Regulating Firing Rate of Purkinje cells:
Purkinje cells integrate the spatial and temporal patterns of excitatory and inhibitory inputs from parallel fibers, climbing fibers, and interneurons. This is known as ____________

Answer 7

Spatiotemporal summation

Question 8

Motor Functions of Vestibulocerebellum:
_______ pathway: Purkinje cells project to vestibular nuclei directly

________descending motor pathway that maintains posture and balance controlling extensor mm. in limbs

________neural pathway involved in coordinating eye movements, gaze and tracking

Answer 8

Direct
lateral vestibulospinaltract (LVST)
medial longitudinal fascicules (MLF)

Question 9

Motor Functions of Vestibulocerebellum:
_________ pathway: Purkinje cells project to fastigial nuclei
__________ does not directly innervate distal limbs like ________
Directly project to the ________

Answer 9

indirect
bilateral medial vestibulospinal tract (MVST) ; LVST
spinal cord

Question 10

Primary function of the Vestibulocerebellum:

Answer 10

postural control/balance/coordination of eye movement

Question 11

How do mossy fibers modulate Purkinje cell functions?

Answer 11

Synapse with granule cells which activate target cells through parallel fibers

Question 12

Vestibulocerebellum impairment:
What pathway in the brainstem is responsible for coordinating eye movements, specifically CN IiI, IV, and VI?

-Loss of function:

Answer 12

Medial Longitudinal Fascicles (MLF)

loss of smooth pursuit (saccades), nystagmus, diplopia

Question 13

Vestibulocerebellum impairment:
Vestibulospinal tract (CNS) plays a key role in ___________.
Loss of function can leads to:

Answer 13

Postural control
truncal ataxia, titubation (truncal tremor)

*refer to jeopardy image

Question 14

Motor function of the spinocerebellum and pathway:

Answer 14

position and movement proximal joints and extremities

afferent through sup. and inf. cerebellar peduncle

Question 15

Motor function of the cerebrocerebellum and pathway:

Answer 15

-motor planning, initial activation pf primary cortex
-timing of muscle contraction
-precise dexterous movement of extremities

afferent through middle cerebellar peduncle to contralat. hemisphere

Question 16

What signs will the patient present of fastigial nucleus impaired during SCA stroke?

Answer 16

impaired postural control/ balance, coordination of eye movement

*SCA supplies vestibulocerebellum
*fastigal nucleus located in vestibulocerebellum

Question 17

Dymestria - hypo/hyper?
Dysdiadochokineasia:
Dysarthia:

Answer 17

hypermetria: overshoot
hypometria: undershoot’
fast supination/pronation
slurred speech

Question 18

Somatotopy in cerebellum: ________ representation of body on cerebellum

Answer 18

redundant

Question 19

Somatotopy in cerebellum: Invereted ant. lob and seperated posterior lobe. Explain what is mean.

Answer 19

Inverted ant. lobe: “upside down”, legs and feet represented in superior/upper anterior lobe and arms and hands represented by inferior/lower anterior lobe.

Separated in posterior lobe: limbs movements and maintenance vs. posture/balance

Question 20

Lost of somatotopy in presentation in cerebropontine tract is more complicated S&S due to

Answer 20

connection of motor cortex to the pons in brainstem: controls voluntary movements (face/tongue)

Question 21

What is the circuit between the hypothlamus and cerebellum:
________ fibers
________ nervous system- drives, _____/_____/_____/

Answer 21

multilayered
autonomic; fight/fight/rest/digest

Question 22

L SCA stroke:
Somatomotor deficits:
Visceral motor functional impairments: (2)

Answer 22

L hand intention tremor
Dilation of L pupil; Flush of L face and warm

*both signs are related to activated sympathetic motor

Question 23

Fastigial nucleus injury: decrease _______ and ________

_______ nerve dominated

Answer 23

heart rate and blood pressure

parasympathetic

Question 24

How an the cerebellum modulate ipsilateral motor functions?

Answer 24

Superior cerebellar peduncle cross over to contralat. motor cortex but motor cortex goes down ipsilateral side to control same side in CB

Question 25

The ______ & ________ system of the cerebellum involves emotion and behaviors.

Answer 25

vermis and limbic

Question 26

What is CCAS:

Answer 26

cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome:

Question 27

Does the cerebellum involves ALL the functions of the CNS?

Answer 27

Yes

Question 28

Why cerebellar functional loss is rare?

Answer 28

somatotopy- redundancy in the topography