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neurobiology > Lecture 1: General Map of Nervous Systems > Flashcards

Lecture 1: General Map of Nervous Systems Flashcards

1
Q

PNS consists of the brain and spinal cord. T/F

A

False; CNS

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2
Q

Functional components of the PNS:

A

sensory:
somatic/visceral

motor:
somatic: skeletal muscles
visceral: cardiac/smooth muscle/glands

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3
Q

The voluntary nervous system, wall of cavities, and limb:

A

somatic

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4
Q

Visceral is a primarily regulated by _______ nervous system and is a component of the PNS.

A

autonomic (ANS)

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5
Q

Which visceral organs invade into somatic wall?

A

sweat glands, erector pili, blood vessels

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6
Q

What is the difference in motor systems: somatic vs visceral

A

somatic motor: 1 cell system, cell body in the CNS
visceral motor: 2 cell system, 1st cell body in CNS (nucleus), 2nd cell body in ganglia of PNS (ganglion)

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7
Q

Explain the functional units of the CNS:

A

Functional unit: neuron
-Soma (cell body) 1, synthesizing functions
-Dendrite(s): 0 to numerous extensions from soma
-Axons: 1 with multiple terminals (can be over 500)

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8
Q

What is the hillock?

A

connecting part with soma
conducting electric signals from body to terminals

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9
Q

What are the supporting units of the CNS called?
What makes up the supportive units of the CNS: (4)

A

Glia

Oligodendrocytes
Astrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells

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10
Q

DO NOT conduct nerve impulses; support, nourish and protect neurons ________

A

glia

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11
Q

In the PNS the dorsal root ganglion can have _______ axons
Visceral motor ganglonic neurons still _______

A

2
multipolar

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12
Q

What are the cluster of neurons cell bodies in the CNS _______

A

nucleus

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13
Q

What are the cluster of neuron cell bodies in the PNS _______

A

ganglion

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14
Q

How do Schwann cells differ from oligodendrocytes?

A

Schwann cells only wrap around a single axon

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15
Q

What are the 3 germ layers during embryonic development?

A

Ectoderm -outside
Mesoderm -between
Endoderm -inside

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16
Q

in the mesoderm, the notochord degenerates into the _______
the somites become ____(3) and expand dorsally to form ______

A

vertebral column
muscles/bones/dermis
nervous system by ectoderm

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17
Q

Neural tube becomes the _______ nervous system

A

central

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18
Q

What development does the cranial neural pore closes for?
No closure of cranial neural pore results in?

A

brain
anencephaly

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19
Q

What development does the caudal neural pore closes for?
No closure of caudal neural pore results in?

A

spinal cord
spinal bifida

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20
Q

The neural crest migrates into whole embryo forming the ________ nervous system

A

peripheral

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21
Q

What are the 3 major vesicles formed after cranial neuropore closure?

A

Prosencephalon: forebrain
Mesencephalon: midbrain
Rhombencephalon: hindbrain

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22
Q

The optic vesicle: retina, CN II is located in the ____________which is a part of the ____________

A

diencephalon; prosencephalon/forebrain

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23
Q

How many cell bodies, dendrites, and axons can a neuron have?
-soma
-dendrite
-axon

A

soma/cell body: 1
dendrite: 0 to numerous
axon: 1 w/multiple terminals

24
Q

FAT is white in a T1 or T2 image?

25
List the view of the brain A-D
Inferior view Superior view Right lateral view Left lateral view
26
Ridge of the Cotrex: Grooves between gyri:
gyrus/gyri sulcus/sulci
27
List the brain structures A-F:
A. Frontal lobe B. Parietal lobe C. Occipital lobe D.Temporal lobe E. Brainstem F. Cerebellum
28
MRI or CT? T1 or T2 image?
MRI T2: both fat and water are white (WW2)
29
Precentral gyrus vs. Postcentral gyrus: pre: primary______cortex ; post: primary _____ cortex
pre: primary motor cortex (M1) ; post: primary sensory cortex (S1)
30
Precentral gyrus: M1 contains which sulci?
cingulate sulcus central sulcus
31
Postcentral gyrus: S1 contains which sulci?
lateral sulcus
32
Primary auditory cortex (A1) contains which sulci?
parietaloccipital sulcus preoccipital notch
33
Primary visual cortex (V1) contains which sulcus?
Calcarine sulcus
34
Where are the somata and dendrites of neurons located?
gray matter
35
White matter consists of ____________ mixed with ____________ _______ bundles.
myelinated; unmyelinated axonal
36
What fibers in the white matter are unique and why?
Long fibers: interlobar fibers -they connect from the post. occipital lobe --> frontal lobe -other fibers stay within the same lobe
37
Axonal bundles to communicate with other structures:
efferent
38
Axonal bundles from other structures:
afferent
39
Lateralization means: L hemi function: R hemi function:
symmetrical structurally but different functionally L: language, understand, and express R: spatial orientation, emotion and prosody of language
40
What are the 6 components of the basal nuclei? Which 2 components are not a part of the telencephalon?
caudate nucleus accumbens putamen global pallidus *subthalamic nucleus* *substania nigra*
41
What 4 components make up the diencephalon?
Thalamus Hypothalamus Epithalmus Subthalamus
42
_____ forms lateral wall of lateral ventricle ______ forms lateral wall of 3rd ventricle ______ forms anterolateral wall of 3rd ventricle
caudate thalamus hypothalamus
43
Where is the origination of CN II optic n. located?
diencephalon
44
What are the functions of pre and postcentral gyri?
pre-motor post- sensory
45
What location in the midbrain does CN III arise from __________
superior colliculus
46
What location in the midbrain does CN IV arise from _______
inferior colliculus
47
What part of the brain do MOST projection fibers end?
Pons
48
What 4 CN nerves are located in are located in the pons/pontomedullary junction
CN V, trigeminal* CN VI, abducens CN VII, facial CN VIII, vestibulocochlear
49
What is the only cranial n. attaching posterior brain stem?
CN IV, trochlear
50
CN _______ comes off the pyramid and CN ________ & _______ come off the olive.
CN XII, hypoglossal; CN IX, glossopharyngeal, CN X, vagus
51
A patient complains of right lower limb paresthesias and weakness after stroke. Which brain structure is impaired?
Left hemisphere
52
Where is the attachment of CN XI, spinal accessory
spinal cord
53
The cerebellum is the floor of the 4th ventricle. T or F?
False; roof
54
Hindbrain contains which structures?
cerebellum, pons & medulla
55
What is the structure indicated by x
thalamus
56
CT or MRI scan? Section plane? Which cerebral lobe is indicated by the "X"
CT; coronal plane; L frontal lobe

neurobiology (15 decks)

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