Lecture 5: Cerebellum

Question 1

The cerebellum has _________ fissures and can be divided into _______ lobules.

Answer 1

multiple: 10

Question 2

What are the three major lobes of the cerebellum and corresponding fissures?

Answer 2

1. Anterior lobe:: primary fissure
2. Posterior lobe:: posterolateral fissure
3. Flocculondular lobe:: lobule X

Question 3

The cerebellum forms the roof of the ________ ventricle

Answer 3

4th

Question 4

Chiari malformation is _______ development of the cerebellum

Answer 4

defective

Question 5

What lobule contains the cerebellar uvula and tonsil?

Answer 5

lobule 9

Question 6

Type 1. Chiari malformation:
-herniation of ________ and _________ through _________

Answer 6

uvula and tonsil through the foramen magnum

Question 7

Type 2. Chiari malformation:
-herniation with ___________

Answer 7

myelomeningocele

Question 8

Type 3. Chiari malformation:
-herniation of ______ and ______ + ________ =

Answer 8

uvula and tonsil + medulla = enecephalocele

Question 9

Type 4. Chiari malformation: Cerebellar ______

Answer 9

hypoplasia (underdevelopment of cerebellar)

Question 10

What are the 3 major functional divisions of the cerebellar:

Answer 10

spinocerebellum
cerebrocerellum
vestibulocerebellum

Question 11

Spinocerebellum is divided into two divisions: ________ & __________
-functions:

Answer 11

vermis - posture and proximal extremity
medial cerebellar hemispheres - distal extremity

Question 12

The vermis overlaps slightly with the vestibulocerebellar. True of Flase?

Answer 12

True

Question 13

The lateral cerebellar hemisphere is a part of the ________
-functions:

Answer 13

cerebrocerebellar: integrative functions

Question 14

Vestibulocerebellar is a part of the ____________ lobe.

Answer 14

flocculonodular (lobule X)

Question 15

What are the four major components of the cerebellar nuclei?

Answer 15

Fastigial nucleus
Interposed nuclei
Denate nucleus
Vestibular nuclei

Question 16

Which components of the cerebellar nuclei are a part of the spinocerebellar?

Answer 16

Fastigial nucleus
Interposed nuclei

Question 17

Which components of the cerebellar nuclei are a part of the cerebrocerebellar?

Answer 17

Denate nucleus

Question 18

Function of cerebellar nuclei structures:
Fastigial nucleus -
Interposed nuclei -
Denate nucleus -

Answer 18

vermis, balance/equilibrium
medial hemisphere, extremity/gross movement
integrative functions

Question 19

The vestibular nuclei is the most _______ functional component.

Answer 19

primitive

Question 20

The vestibulocerbellum consists of two structures:: coordinating balance & eye movement by the MLF.
__________(descending)
__________(ascending)

Answer 20

Nodulus- vestibular function descending
Flocculus - eye movement (ascending)

Question 21

_______ connects the cerebellum to the brainstem

Answer 21

inf. cerebellar peduncles
middle cerebellar peduncles
sup. cerebellar peduncles

Question 22

Make the following statements about the peduncles true:
Inf. cerebellar peduncle is afferent only.
Middle cerebellar peduncle is afferent & efferent.
Sup. cerebellar peduncle is efferent only

Answer 22

Inf. cerebellar- afferent & efferent
Middle cerebellar- afferent
Sup. cerebellar - afferent & efferent

Question 23

_________is the conduit between spinal cord/brainstem and cerebellum

Answer 23

inf. cerebellar peduncle

Question 24

Fibers carrying motor-related information come directly from the pontine nuclei; indirectly from neocortex

This process travels through the ______________

Answer 24

middle cerebellar peduncle

Question 25

Superior cerebellar peduncle: efferent - projecting to contralateral ________ & _______ afferent - directly from ________ and _________

Answer 25

thalamus & midbrain spinal cord and brainstem

Question 26

Cerebellum control _______ motor function.

Answer 26

ipsilateral

Question 27

What artery supplies the anterior lobe and superior/posterior lobe of the cerebellum?

Answer 27

Superior cerebellar artery (SCA)

Question 28

What artery supplies the middle/inf of the posterior lobe?

Answer 28

Ant. inf. cerebellar artery (AICA)

Question 29

What artery supplies the inferior posterior lobe?

Answer 29

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)

Question 30

________leaf-like basic structural unit _________multiple folium _________multiple folia with obvious separating fissures

Answer 30

Folium Folia Lobule

Question 31

Arbor vitae: tree of life gray matter as _______ white matter as the ________ and _______

Answer 31

leaves branches & trunk

Question 32

What cells make up the Molecular Layer cell of the cerebral cortex

Answer 32

stellate cells basket cells

Question 33

Stellate cell axons synapse with ___________ Basket cell axons synapse with _________

Answer 33

Purkinje dendritic tree Purkinje soma (basket-like)

Question 34

________ layer is between molecular layer & granular layer and __________ neuron for cerebellar functions

Answer 34

Purkinje; central

Question 35

What cell layer has the only neurons with efferent axons from the cerebellar cortex?

Answer 35

Purkinje cell layer; dendritic tree

Question 36

Granular layers consist of what cells:

Answer 36

Golgi cells granule cells

Question 37

Golgi cells ________ granule cells which indirectly affects ______ cells

Answer 37

inhibits; Purkinje

Question 38

Granule cells ascending to ________ layer as ______ fibers Granule cells synapse with _______, UNMYENLAINTED

Answer 38

molecular layer; parallel Purkinje dendritic tree

Question 39

What cell has the most abundant neurons in the cerebellum

Answer 39

Granule cell

Question 40

What are the 3 neurotransmitters of cerebellar neurons?

Answer 40

GABA Glutamate Aspartate

Question 41

GABA is a __________ neurotransmitter and consists of what cells:

Answer 41

Inhibitory Stellate cells Basket cells Purkinje cells- only efferent neurons Golgi cells

Question 42

Glutamate & Aspartate is a _________ neurotransmitter and consist of what cell:

Answer 42

Excitatory unipolar brush cell granule cell

Question 43

Climbing Fibers: all ______ fibers to the _______ layer and cerebellar nuclei directly.

Answer 43

afferent; molecular

Question 44

Climbing Fibers: only from contralateral _______ through _______ cerebellar peduncle _____ all CNS components __________ or _______ as neurotransmitters

Answer 44

interior olivary nuclei; inferior relay glutamate or aspartate

Question 45

What cortical afferent fibers synapse onto the granular layer and cerebellar nuclei directly

Answer 45

Mossy fibers

Question 46

Mossy fibers: all afferent fibers to the cerebral cortex and _____ ---> through ________ cerebellar peduncles

Answer 46

spinal cord; all three

Question 47

The following statement is true or false? Mossy fibers synapse with granule cells to spread signals out through perpendicular fiber.

Answer 47

False: parallel fibers

Question 48

The following statement is True or False? Multilayered fibers are afferent to ONLY one cortical layer and nuclei.

Answer 48

False; all three cerebellar cortical layers and nuclei

Question 49

Multilayered Fibers: -afferent axons from different brain structures: (3) -neurotransmitters excitatory or inhibitory?

Answer 49

basal nuclei, diencepahlon, and RF both excitatory & inhibitory

Question 50

Flow of the Cortical Inhibitory Loop: Climbing fibers to activate the _________ Mossy fibers through _________ relay -parallel fibers activate _______ -parallel fibers activate _______/_______ cells which _____Purkinje cells

Answer 50

Dendritic tree Granule cell relay Purkinje cells Basket/stellate cells; inhibits

Question 51

Flow of the Cortical Excitatory Loop: All ________ and _________ fibers project to nuclei through collateral fibers: excitatory

Answer 51

climbing and mossy fibers (glutamate/aspartate)