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neurobiology > Lecture 5: Cerebellum > Flashcards

Lecture 5: Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

The cerebellum has _________ fissures and can be divided into _______ lobules.

A

multiple: 10

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2
Q

What are the three major lobes of the cerebellum and corresponding fissures?

A
  1. Anterior lobe:: primary fissure
  2. Posterior lobe:: posterolateral fissure
  3. Flocculondular lobe:: lobule X
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3
Q

The cerebellum forms the roof of the ________ ventricle

A

4th

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4
Q

Chiari malformation is _______ development of the cerebellum

A

defective

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5
Q

What lobule contains the cerebellar uvula and tonsil?

A

lobule 9

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6
Q

Type 1. Chiari malformation:
-herniation of ________ and _________ through _________

A

uvula and tonsil through the foramen magnum

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7
Q

Type 2. Chiari malformation:
-herniation with ___________

A

myelomeningocele

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8
Q

Type 3. Chiari malformation:
-herniation of ______ and ______ + ________ =

A

uvula and tonsil + medulla = enecephalocele

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9
Q

Type 4. Chiari malformation: Cerebellar ______

A

hypoplasia (underdevelopment of cerebellar)

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10
Q

What are the 3 major functional divisions of the cerebellar:

A

spinocerebellum
cerebrocerellum
vestibulocerebellum

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11
Q

Spinocerebellum is divided into two divisions: ________ & __________
-functions:

A

vermis - posture and proximal extremity
medial cerebellar hemispheres - distal extremity

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12
Q

The vermis overlaps slightly with the vestibulocerebellar. True of Flase?

A

True

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13
Q

The lateral cerebellar hemisphere is a part of the ________
-functions:

A

cerebrocerebellar: integrative functions

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14
Q

Vestibulocerebellar is a part of the ____________ lobe.

A

flocculonodular (lobule X)

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15
Q

What are the four major components of the cerebellar nuclei?

A

Fastigial nucleus
Interposed nuclei
Denate nucleus
Vestibular nuclei

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16
Q

Which components of the cerebellar nuclei are a part of the spinocerebellar?

A

Fastigial nucleus
Interposed nuclei

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17
Q

Which components of the cerebellar nuclei are a part of the cerebrocerebellar?

A

Denate nucleus

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18
Q

Function of cerebellar nuclei structures:
Fastigial nucleus -
Interposed nuclei -
Denate nucleus -

A

vermis, balance/equilibrium
medial hemisphere, extremity/gross movement
integrative functions

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19
Q

The vestibular nuclei is the most _______ functional component.

A

primitive

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20
Q

The vestibulocerbellum consists of two structures:: coordinating balance & eye movement by the MLF.
__________(descending)
__________(ascending)

A

Nodulus- vestibular function descending
Flocculus - eye movement (ascending)

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21
Q

_______ connects the cerebellum to the brainstem

A

inf. cerebellar peduncles
middle cerebellar peduncles
sup. cerebellar peduncles

22
Q

Make the following statements about the peduncles true:
Inf. cerebellar peduncle is afferent only.
Middle cerebellar peduncle is afferent & efferent.
Sup. cerebellar peduncle is efferent only

A

Inf. cerebellar- afferent & efferent
Middle cerebellar- afferent
Sup. cerebellar - afferent & efferent

23
Q

_________is the conduit between spinal cord/brainstem and cerebellum

A

inf. cerebellar peduncle

24
Q

Fibers carrying motor-related information come directly from the pontine nuclei; indirectly from neocortex

This process travels through the ______________

A

middle cerebellar peduncle

25
Q

Superior cerebellar peduncle:
efferent - projecting to contralateral ________ & _______
afferent - directly from ________ and _________

A

thalamus & midbrain
spinal cord and brainstem

26
Q

Cerebellum control _______ motor function.

A

ipsilateral

27
Q

What artery supplies the anterior lobe and superior/posterior lobe of the cerebellum?

A

Superior cerebellar artery (SCA)

28
Q

What artery supplies the middle/inf of the posterior lobe?

A

Ant. inf. cerebellar artery (AICA)

29
Q

What artery supplies the inferior posterior lobe?

A

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)

30
Q

________leaf-like basic structural unit
_________multiple folium
_________multiple folia with obvious separating fissures

A

Folium
Folia
Lobule

31
Q

Arbor vitae: tree of life
gray matter as _______
white matter as the ________ and _______

A

leaves
branches & trunk

32
Q

What cells make up the Molecular Layer cell of the cerebral cortex

A

stellate cells
basket cells

33
Q

Stellate cell axons synapse with ___________
Basket cell axons synapse with _________

A

Purkinje dendritic tree
Purkinje soma (basket-like)

34
Q

________ layer is between molecular layer & granular layer and __________ neuron for cerebellar functions

A

Purkinje; central

35
Q

What cell layer has the only neurons with efferent axons from the cerebellar cortex?

A

Purkinje cell layer; dendritic tree

36
Q

Granular layers consist of what cells:

A

Golgi cells
granule cells

37
Q

Golgi cells ________ granule cells which indirectly affects ______ cells

A

inhibits; Purkinje

38
Q

Granule cells ascending to ________ layer as ______ fibers
Granule cells synapse with _______, UNMYENLAINTED

A

molecular layer; parallel
Purkinje dendritic tree

39
Q

What cell has the most abundant neurons in the cerebellum

A

Granule cell

40
Q

What are the 3 neurotransmitters of cerebellar neurons?

A

GABA
Glutamate
Aspartate

41
Q

GABA is a __________ neurotransmitter and consists of what cells:

A

Inhibitory
Stellate cells
Basket cells
Purkinje cells- only efferent neurons
Golgi cells

42
Q

Glutamate & Aspartate is a _________ neurotransmitter and consist of what cell:

A

Excitatory
unipolar brush cell
granule cell

43
Q

Climbing Fibers:
all ______ fibers to the _______ layer and cerebellar nuclei directly.

A

afferent; molecular

44
Q

Climbing Fibers:
only from contralateral _______ through _______ cerebellar peduncle
_____ all CNS components
__________ or _______ as neurotransmitters

A

interior olivary nuclei; inferior
relay
glutamate or aspartate

45
Q

What cortical afferent fibers synapse onto the granular layer and cerebellar nuclei directly

A

Mossy fibers

46
Q

Mossy fibers:
all afferent fibers to the cerebral cortex and _____ —> through ________ cerebellar peduncles

A

spinal cord; all three

47
Q

The following statement is true or false?
Mossy fibers synapse with granule cells to spread signals out through perpendicular fiber.

A

False: parallel fibers

48
Q

The following statement is True or False?
Multilayered fibers are afferent to ONLY one cortical layer and nuclei.

A

False; all three cerebellar cortical layers and nuclei

49
Q

Multilayered Fibers:
-afferent axons from different brain structures: (3)
-neurotransmitters excitatory or inhibitory?

A

basal nuclei, diencepahlon, and RF
both excitatory & inhibitory

50
Q

Flow of the Cortical Inhibitory Loop:
Climbing fibers to activate the _________
Mossy fibers through _________ relay
-parallel fibers activate _______
-parallel fibers activate _______/_______ cells which _____Purkinje cells

A

Dendritic tree
Granule cell relay
Purkinje cells
Basket/stellate cells; inhibits

51
Q

Flow of the Cortical Excitatory Loop:
All ________ and _________ fibers project to nuclei through collateral fibers: excitatory

A

climbing and mossy fibers (glutamate/aspartate)

neurobiology (15 decks)

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