Lecture 5: Cerebellum Flashcards
The cerebellum has _________ fissures and can be divided into _______ lobules.
multiple: 10
What are the three major lobes of the cerebellum and corresponding fissures?
- Anterior lobe:: primary fissure
- Posterior lobe:: posterolateral fissure
- Flocculondular lobe:: lobule X
The cerebellum forms the roof of the ________ ventricle
4th
Chiari malformation is _______ development of the cerebellum
defective
What lobule contains the cerebellar uvula and tonsil?
lobule 9
Type 1. Chiari malformation:
-herniation of ________ and _________ through _________
uvula and tonsil through the foramen magnum
Type 2. Chiari malformation:
-herniation with ___________
myelomeningocele
Type 3. Chiari malformation:
-herniation of ______ and ______ + ________ =
uvula and tonsil + medulla = enecephalocele
Type 4. Chiari malformation: Cerebellar ______
hypoplasia (underdevelopment of cerebellar)
What are the 3 major functional divisions of the cerebellar:
spinocerebellum
cerebrocerellum
vestibulocerebellum
Spinocerebellum is divided into two divisions: ________ & __________
-functions:
vermis - posture and proximal extremity
medial cerebellar hemispheres - distal extremity
The vermis overlaps slightly with the vestibulocerebellar. True of Flase?
True
The lateral cerebellar hemisphere is a part of the ________
-functions:
cerebrocerebellar: integrative functions
Vestibulocerebellar is a part of the ____________ lobe.
flocculonodular (lobule X)
What are the four major components of the cerebellar nuclei?
Fastigial nucleus
Interposed nuclei
Denate nucleus
Vestibular nuclei
Which components of the cerebellar nuclei are a part of the spinocerebellar?
Fastigial nucleus
Interposed nuclei
Which components of the cerebellar nuclei are a part of the cerebrocerebellar?
Denate nucleus
Function of cerebellar nuclei structures:
Fastigial nucleus -
Interposed nuclei -
Denate nucleus -
vermis, balance/equilibrium
medial hemisphere, extremity/gross movement
integrative functions
The vestibular nuclei is the most _______ functional component.
primitive
The vestibulocerbellum consists of two structures:: coordinating balance & eye movement by the MLF.
__________(descending)
__________(ascending)
Nodulus- vestibular function descending
Flocculus - eye movement (ascending)
_______ connects the cerebellum to the brainstem
inf. cerebellar peduncles
middle cerebellar peduncles
sup. cerebellar peduncles
Make the following statements about the peduncles true:
Inf. cerebellar peduncle is afferent only.
Middle cerebellar peduncle is afferent & efferent.
Sup. cerebellar peduncle is efferent only
Inf. cerebellar- afferent & efferent
Middle cerebellar- afferent
Sup. cerebellar - afferent & efferent
_________is the conduit between spinal cord/brainstem and cerebellum
inf. cerebellar peduncle
Fibers carrying motor-related information come directly from the pontine nuclei; indirectly from neocortex
This process travels through the ______________
middle cerebellar peduncle
Superior cerebellar peduncle:
efferent - projecting to contralateral ________ & _______
afferent - directly from ________ and _________
thalamus & midbrain
spinal cord and brainstem
Cerebellum control _______ motor function.
ipsilateral
What artery supplies the anterior lobe and superior/posterior lobe of the cerebellum?
Superior cerebellar artery (SCA)
What artery supplies the middle/inf of the posterior lobe?
Ant. inf. cerebellar artery (AICA)
What artery supplies the inferior posterior lobe?
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)
________leaf-like basic structural unit
_________multiple folium
_________multiple folia with obvious separating fissures
Folium
Folia
Lobule
Arbor vitae: tree of life
gray matter as _______
white matter as the ________ and _______
leaves
branches & trunk
What cells make up the Molecular Layer cell of the cerebral cortex
stellate cells
basket cells
Stellate cell axons synapse with ___________
Basket cell axons synapse with _________
Purkinje dendritic tree
Purkinje soma (basket-like)
________ layer is between molecular layer & granular layer and __________ neuron for cerebellar functions
Purkinje; central
What cell layer has the only neurons with efferent axons from the cerebellar cortex?
Purkinje cell layer; dendritic tree
Granular layers consist of what cells:
Golgi cells
granule cells
Golgi cells ________ granule cells which indirectly affects ______ cells
inhibits; Purkinje
Granule cells ascending to ________ layer as ______ fibers
Granule cells synapse with _______, UNMYENLAINTED
molecular layer; parallel
Purkinje dendritic tree
What cell has the most abundant neurons in the cerebellum
Granule cell
What are the 3 neurotransmitters of cerebellar neurons?
GABA
Glutamate
Aspartate
GABA is a __________ neurotransmitter and consists of what cells:
Inhibitory
Stellate cells
Basket cells
Purkinje cells- only efferent neurons
Golgi cells
Glutamate & Aspartate is a _________ neurotransmitter and consist of what cell:
Excitatory
unipolar brush cell
granule cell
Climbing Fibers:
all ______ fibers to the _______ layer and cerebellar nuclei directly.
afferent; molecular
Climbing Fibers:
only from contralateral _______ through _______ cerebellar peduncle
_____ all CNS components
__________ or _______ as neurotransmitters
interior olivary nuclei; inferior
relay
glutamate or aspartate
What cortical afferent fibers synapse onto the granular layer and cerebellar nuclei directly
Mossy fibers
Mossy fibers:
all afferent fibers to the cerebral cortex and _____ —> through ________ cerebellar peduncles
spinal cord; all three
The following statement is true or false?
Mossy fibers synapse with granule cells to spread signals out through perpendicular fiber.
False: parallel fibers
The following statement is True or False?
Multilayered fibers are afferent to ONLY one cortical layer and nuclei.
False; all three cerebellar cortical layers and nuclei
Multilayered Fibers:
-afferent axons from different brain structures: (3)
-neurotransmitters excitatory or inhibitory?
basal nuclei, diencepahlon, and RF
both excitatory & inhibitory
Flow of the Cortical Inhibitory Loop:
Climbing fibers to activate the _________
Mossy fibers through _________ relay
-parallel fibers activate _______
-parallel fibers activate _______/_______ cells which _____Purkinje cells
Dendritic tree
Granule cell relay
Purkinje cells
Basket/stellate cells; inhibits
Flow of the Cortical Excitatory Loop:
All ________ and _________ fibers project to nuclei through collateral fibers: excitatory
climbing and mossy fibers (glutamate/aspartate)
