Lecture 2: Ventricular system and function Flashcards
What ventricle separates the 2 telencephalons?
2 lateral ventricles
What separates the telencephalon from the diencephalon?
3rd ventricle
Dorsal separation and expansion of the metencephalon and myelencephalon create the____________
floor of the 4th ventricle
All parts of the lateral ventricle following expansion of the telencephalon is a part of the limbic lobe except the ______
posterior horn
What’s the bird’s eye?
interthalamic adhesion
What is the interventricular foramen better known as the foramen of Monro?
the connection of the lateral ventricle to the 3rd ventricle
-it allows flow of CSF between the two ventricles
- Importance of the brain-blood barrier (BBB)?
- Tight junction of ____________ cells in capillary.
protects the brain from harmful substances and maintains a stable environment for proper brain function.
-endothelial
Choroid plexus is ONLY in the __________
ventricles
Are the following statements true or false?
The BBB does not restrict movement between blood and the brain.
The Choroid plexus restricts controlled exchange of substances between blood and CSF.
false: BBB does restrict movement for protection
false: does not restrict controlled exchange
- How much active secretion of CSF daily?
- How much is maintained?
200-500 ml daily
150ml
What is the function of CSF: 6
maintains brain structure through buoyancy
decrease 97% gravity (140g-40g)
shock absorption
regulate chemical environment
waste exchange
nutrition
The brain will _________ without buoyancy which CSF creates.
collapse
Strict directional circulation entirely replaces CSF _______
1-3x daily
The circulation of CSF is affected by heart ventricular _______ and _______.
systole and diastole
What is the direction of CSF circulation during systole:
cranial-caudal direction –> out of ventricles (top to bottom)
What is the direction of CSF circulation during diastole:
caudal-cranial direction –> draining to superior sagittal sinus
If the CSF is blocked it can lead to ___________
hydrocephalus
The CSF mainly drains into the dural sinuses through a network of structures called ___________
arachnoid granulations
The following statement is true or false:
The arachnoid granulations act as a two-way valve, allowing CSF to flow from subarachnoid space into dural sinuses.
false: one-way valve: cant flow back from SSS
CSF ciruclation:
lateral venticle –> foramen of Monro —> 3rd ventricle —> cerebral aqueduct –> 4th ventricle —-> formania of luschka —> subarachnoid space over brain and spinal cord
-reabsorption into venous sinus blood via arachnoid granulations
Dura mater is the ___________ layer and is between: ________ & ______ , _______ space
outermost layer and between the arachnoid mater & skull, potential space
Which two layers form the dura mater:
periosteal and meningeal layers
The falx cerebri is the largest and most prominent fold which separates the ___________
2 cerebral hemispheres
The falx cerebelli is a small vertical fold that is located in the __________
posterior sulcus of cerebellum
The tentorium cerebelli is a tent-like fold that extends horizontally separating the _________ & ________ lobes from the ________
occipital and temporal; cerebellum
What separates the hypophyseal fossa?
diaphragma sellae: circular sheet covering the superior opening
Arachnoid mater is _________ like thin delicate layer
Within the arachnoid mater the arachnoid ______________ helps tether the brain within the cranium for ________
web-like
trabeculae; buoyancy
Labeling the following 1-8:
- Epidural space
- Subdural space
- Subarachnoid space
- Bone of skull
- Dura mater
- Arachnoid mater
- Pia mater
- Brain
Directly covering the brain _______ mater
pia
List the following dura venous system: sinuses 1-6:
- superior sagittal sinus
- inferior sagittal sinus
- straight sinus
- transverse sinus
- confluence of sinuses
- occipital sinus
Which meningeal folding is each sinus located in:
a. sup. & inf. sagittal sinus:
b. straight sinus
c. occipital sinus
d. confluence is a gathering of above sinus except:
a. falx cerebri
b. tentorium cerebelli
c. falx cerebelli
d. ISS
The sensory supply of the dura mater is mainly innervated by:
_______V1: supplies
_______V2: supplies
_______V3: supplies
CN V: Trigeminal N.
ophthalmic: ant. cranial fossa and all above tentorium cerebelli
maxillary: ant. and middle cranial fossa
mandibular: ant. and middle cranial fossa
How does the posterior cranial fossa get innervated?
What common condition can be rooted from the pos. cranial fossa?
C2/C3 along or through CN X & XII
cervicalgia and headache/migraine
The following statement is true or false:
There is no sensory input in the arachnid or pia mater.
True
Blood supply to the brain:
____% body weight, __% of blood supply
-ant. division is supplied by:
-post. division is supplied by:
2%, 20%
ICA
vertebral basilar a.
What are the two main branches that come off of the internal carotid artery:
anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA)
What major artery branches from the vertebral artery
post. inf. cerebellar artery (PICA)
What major arteries branch from the basilar artery:
ant. inf. cerebellar artery (AICA)
sup. cerebellar artery (SCA)
posterior cerebellar artery (PCA)
The MCA is a part of the circle of Willis. True or False?
False; no involvement
Cerebral Cortex Blood Supply:
1. medial/sup. frontal and parietal lobes plus cingulate gyrus:
2. lateral frontal/parietal lobes, superior temporal lobe:
3. inferior temporal lobe and occipital lobe:
- ACA
- MCA
- PCA
Precentral gyrus: primary ______
Postcentral gyrus: pirmary ___________
motor cortex M1
somatosensory cortex S1
Which of the following arteries is most commonly impaired with stroke S&S which results in function compromise?
MCA
Name the following condition based on the information provided:
An 87-year-old suffered a stroke in inf. temporal lobe and occipital lobe resulting in a blockage of the PCA which affected their visual field.
Homologous hemianopia
memory/emotion/visual processing
Perforating branches are located within the ___________ in the circle of Willis.
These branches are important because they provide connection between ___________ & _________
Diencephalon
cerebral cortex and basal nuclei
Cortical stroke is more functional loss compared to stroke of the basal nuclei. True or False?
False: basal nuclei stroke is more functional loss
PCA branches supply the _________ with the diencephalon.
thalami
Medial striatal artery from the ______ whereas the Lenticulostriate artery is from the _______
ACA; MCA
______ control center for homeostasis, life, and death.
hypothalamus
Simplified mapping of the sensory and motor portions of the brain with relative size and control of body parts.
somatotopy/homunculus
Brain stem blood supply:
Midbrain:
Pons:
Medulla:
PCA, SCA
pontine branches, AICA
vertebral artery, PICA
Name the following condition based on the information provided:
An 85-year-old suffered a R sided stroke in the lateral frontal/parietal lobes, and superior temporal lobe resulting in a blockage of the MCA which affected their:
spatial orientation, L-side neglect
contralateral upper limb/head sensory/motor impairment
A 78-year-old suffered a stroke in the medial/superior frontal and parietal lobes plus cingulate gyrus resulting in a blockage of the ACA which affected their:
contralateral lower limb sensory/motor impairment
Cognition/behavioral/emotions
What are the main function loss of the basal nuclei?
cognition/psychonmotor/affective
homoesatais, life and death (thalamus)
Where are the CN origins:
Midbrain:
Pons:
Medulla:
midbrain- CN: III, IV
pons- CN: V, VI, VIII,VIII
medulla- CN: IX, X, XI
