Lecture 5

Question 1

Time when child overcomes limitations in their thinking that stand in the way of true mental operations

Answer 1

Preschool (2-6)

Question 2

Why do preschool children make reasoning errors?

Answer 2

Centration

Question 3

Inability to focus attention on more than one aspect of an object or event at a time; tendency to focus attention on surface appearance, inability to simultaneously consider several features of an object

Answer 3

Centration

Question 4

Characterizes pre-operational thought

Answer 4

Centration

Question 5

Realization that certain qualities of objects are conserved across changes in appearance

Answer 5

Conservation

Question 6

What are some examples of centration and conservation tasks?

Answer 6

number, liquid, mass, weight, identity, gender

Question 7

Task that has 9 wooden beads (7 brown 2 white) and asks if there are more wooden or brown beads

Answer 7

Classification task

Question 8

What will the child say if they fail the classification test?

Answer 8

There are more brown beads

Question 9

Putting sticks in order from biggest to smallest

Answer 9

Centration causing errors in seriation task

Question 10

What age will fail seriation test?

Answer 10

3-4

Question 11

What age will pass seriation test, yet often can;t insert additional stick until later

Answer 11

5-6

Question 12

Preoperational child has difficulty distinguishing between the way things seem and they way things actually are

Answer 12

Appearance vs. reality

Question 13

What are some appearance vs. reality test?

Answer 13

Sponge that looks like a rock, cat with dog mask

Question 14

Tendency to center on oneself, consider the world entirely from our own point of view

Answer 14

Egocentrism

Question 15

What is an example of egocentrism?

Answer 15

Three mountain problem

Question 16

Requires child to simultaneously look at display from given position and represent appearance of display from another

Answer 16

Three mountain problem

Question 17

__ to __ years consistently preoperational

Answer 17

2-4

Question 18

__ to ___ years giving away to true operations; improvement in conservation, classification, and seriation tasks

Answer 18

5-6

Question 19

Understanding of self and others; thought and knowledge regarding people and their actions; understanding how the human mind works

Answer 19

Social cognition

Question 20

During this period, children begin to understand that people have inner-mental experiences

Answer 20

Preoperational

Question 21

Recognizing self and others as things which think, believe, desire, imagine and intend; assigning mental states to self and others

Answer 21

Theory of mind

Question 22

Can children distinguish between their mental state from the mental state of someone who lacks information

Answer 22

False beliefs task

Question 23

Contrast erroneous mental impression with a known reality; box appears to contain chocolate candy but contains straws

Answer 23

Unexpected contents task

Question 24

____ years ; fails tasks by reporting they thought box contained straws and x will think straws are in the box; don’t understand others can hold a false impression

Answer 24

3 year olds

Question 25

___ to ___ years; pass the task by reporting they thought the box contained chocolate and x will think chocolates are in the box; know that people act according to false beliefs

Answer 25

4-5