Lecture 4 Flashcards
Development of qualitatively distinct emotion
Emotional development
Development of social interactions, focus primarily on interpersonal interactions
Social development
At birth, babies face ___ or ___
distress, contentment
Individual differences in emotional, motor, and attention reactivity and self regulation
Temperament
What are temperamental traits a result of?
Interaction between biology and experience
What are the 4 temperament classifications?
easy, slow to warm up, difficult, hard to classify
What percentage is easy?
40
What percentage is slow to warm up?
15
What percentage is difficult?
10
What percentage is hard to classify?
35
When does the social smile emerge?
6 weeks
Smiling in response to other people and social world
Social smile
What type of social smile emerges first?
endogenous
Smile that happens inside of them (feel good inside)
Endogenous
Smile that happens from an external stimulus
Exogenous
Emotion sharing via face-to-face communication that occurs between caregiver and infant
Primary intersubjectivity
What does primary intersubjectivity promote?
Regulate negative arousal, calm down, social expectations
Sharing attention and emotion in relation to third event
Secondary intersubjectivity
When does the emergence of fear happen in infants?
6-9 months
Strangers become meaningful as strange and now pose a threat
Stranger anxiety
Fear of abandonment, exhibited at the departure of a caregiver
Separation anxiety
What types of fear emerge?
fear of novelty, heights, strangers, separation
When does secondary intersubjectivity occur?
9-12 months
Gaze/point following, directing attention, imperatives and declaratives
Joint attention
Commanding/asking
Imperative
Declaring state of world
Declarative
Having no joint attention can be a sign of _____
autism
Using emotional information from others to guide your responses to an ambiguous situation
Social referencing
Emotional tie in which child takes caregiver as a protective figure, finds security in their presence, misses them in their absence, seeks them as a haven of safety in times of alarm
Attachment
Harlow showed that infants bond with surrogate mothers because of bodily contact not nourishment
Attachment theory
Young infant behavior enlists proximity to caregiver (smiling, vocalizing, clinging, crying)
0-8 weeks
Infants start responding differently to familiar and unfamiliar people, still friendly to strangers
2-4 months
Infant seeks comfort from one caregiver, fears strangers and separation
6-9 months
When does attachment first emerge in development?
6-9 months
Infant seeks proximity upon return, calms down
Secure (B)
Infant avoids proximity upon reunion (crawl away during reunion)
Insecure avoidant (A)
Infant seeks proximity but angrily resists comfort
Insecure resistant (C)
Infant lacks manner for dealing with stress
Disorganized (D)
Warm consistent sensitive caregiver
Secure (B)
Rejecting, distant caregiver
Insecure avoidant (A)
Inconsistent, ignore than interfere caregiver
Infant resistant (C)
Depressed or abusive caregiver
Disorganized (D)
What can cause differences in attachment?
Caregiver behaviors, child characteristics, family characteristics, cultural influences
__ % children show secure attachment when placed in a strange situation
60
__ % children show insecure attachment when placed in a strange situation
30
