Lecture 5 Flashcards
t/f neurotransmitters have a significant impact on our behavior on a daily basis
true
what are the 2 kinds of receptors
ionotropic and metabotropic
this kind of receptor is directly linked to an ion channel
ionotropic
this kind of receptor affects neurons by activating g proteins
metabotropic receptors
a lignad gated ion channel is also known as
ionotropic receptor
a g protein coupled receptor is also known as
a metabotropic receptor
are ionotropic receptors fast or slow
fast
are metabolic tropic receptors fast or slow
slow
t/f the effect of metabolic receptors are quick only a few ms
false, the effects can last for minutes
how does a ionotropic receptor
a neurotransmitter binding directly opens an ion channel
this kind of receptor is a g protein coupled receptor
metabotropic receptor
what kind of proteins fo metabotrobic proteins have to activate
g proteins
which neurotransmitter is this: important in learning and memory , involved in alzhiemers
acetylcholine
what is the name of the 1st neurotransmitter identified in the neuromuscular junction
acetylcholine
the 1st substance identified as a neurotransmitter was
acetylcholine
this neuro transmitter funcitons at the neuromuscular junction and various other synapses
acetylcholine
what 2 things is acetylcholine synthesized from
acetyl -coa and choline by acetyltransferase
t/f acetylcholine is recycled at the synapse
false
where is acetylcholine hydrolyzed at
in the cleft by acetylcholinesterase in to acetate and choline
how many types of acetylcholine receptors are there
2
list the 2 kinds of acetylcholine receptors
Nicotinic Receptors and muscarinic receptors
these kind of the receptors are selectively activate by nicotine
nicotinic receptors
t/f nicotinic receptors are found not found at the NMJ
false, they are found at the nmj
are nicotinic receptors metabotropic or ionotropic
ionotropic
muscarinic receptors are selectively activated by what
muscarine
where are muscarinic receptors found
centrally
are muscarinic receptors ionotropic or metabotropic
metabotropic
what does nAChRs mean
nicotinic receptors
what does mAChR mean
muscarinic mean
list 3 things that we can eat to increase choline
soy, milk, egg yolk, organ meat
how do we get rid of the acetylocholine from the synaptic cleft
acetylcholinesterase
acetylcholine is recycled back into what 2 things
acetate and choline
list 3 symptoms of too much acetylcholine
hypersexuality , secretion of acid, muscle contraction , impared declaritive memory
what does sarin nerve gas inhibit
acetylocholinerase production
list a nicotinic agonist
nicotine
pancuronium , tubocurarine and succinyl choline are examples of
nicotinic antagonists which are muscle relaxants
list a muscarinic agonist
muscarine
what is muscarine
one cause of mushroom poisioning . it is a muscarinic agonist
what is atropine
it is a muscarinic antagonist
what does atropine do
it causes pupil dilation , raising heartbeat and inhibits mucus secretion
jimsonweed and datura are examples of
hallucinogens which are muscarinic antagonists
nearly all excitatory neurons in the cns use this neurotransmitter
glutamate
t/f over half of all of the brains synapses use glutamate
false
glutamate is packaged in ______ called ______
vesicles called VGLUT
how is glutamate cleared from the cleft
it is cleared from the cleft by excitatory amino acid transporters
what do EAATs refer to
excitatory amino acid transporters
how many types of receptors are there for glutamate
3 metabotropic and 3 ionotropic
how many metabotropic receptors are there for glutamate
3
t/f metabotropic receptors for glutamate are only found in the cns
false , they are found in the pns and cns
how many receptor types of ionotropic receptors are there for glutamate , and list them
3 : AMPA, NMDA and Kainate
what ions are the ionotropic for glutamate permiable to
all 3 are permiable to sodium and potassium and sometimes calcium
what is special about NMDA receptors
they are always permiable to calcium
are kainate receptors permiable to calcium
no
what is the role of calcium in an NMDA receptor
it is important because calcium can act as a signaling molecule in the postsynaptic molecule in the post synaptic neuron
the the calcium in NMDA receptors affect the pre synaptic or post synaptic molecule
post synaptic
small amounts of ______ are necessary for receptor activation in NMDA receptors
glycine
t/f ca binds to the NMDAR
False , mg binds to the NMDA receptors and blocks the pore
when a membrane is at rest and hyperpolorized is the NMDA receptor pore blocked or unblocked
blocked by mg
when a NMDA receptor is depolarized is the pore blocked or unblocked
when the mebrane is depolarized the mg is ejeted allowing cations to move in
what kind of channel is a NMDA receptor
voltage gated
name the main excitatory neurotransmitter
glutamate
what 2 ions are needed in order for NMDAR channels to open
glutamate and glycene
is the NMDA receptor ligand gated, voltage gated or both
both
if the membrane of a NMDA receptor is is locked will you see a current
no because the pore is blocked
what must occur for a current to flow through a NMDA receptor pore
in order to open it needs to get rid of the magenesium so that it depolarizes
what does excessive activation of ionotropic GluRs causes
it causes neurons to die . aka excitotoxcity
in terms of glutamate what is occuring during stroke, hypoglycemia or seizure
excessive activation of ionotropic glutamate receptors
list to NMDA receptor antagonists
ketamine and pcp
what is the name of the NMDAR antagonist that is also an anesthetic used for children and animals
ketamine
when lots of glutamate is applied to a neuron , the NMDARs generally open later than the AMPARs why ?
because the AMPA receptors do not have mg block so they get activated 1st .
name the 2 major inhibitory neurotransmitters in the CNS
GABA and Glycine
where are Gaba and Glycine commonly found
in the local circuit of interneurons
what is the function of GATs
Gaba is transported out of the cleft by GATs (gaba transporters)
how many types of gaba receptors are there
2 : gaba a and gaba b
are gaba a receptors ionotropic or metabotropic
ionotropic
t/f gaba b receptors are ionotropic
false they are metabotropic
what are ion are gaba a receptors permiable to
chloride
what kind of channels do gaba b receptors open
potassium
what kind of channels do gaba b receptors block
calcium
benzodiazenpines , barbituates and ethanol are all examples of what ?
agonists of the GABA a receptors
what is picrotoxin
an antedote for barbituate poisioning
what is the antagonist for GABA a receptors
picrotoxin
what is baclofin
a muscle relaxant and an agonist of GABA B receptors
list the 2 agonists for GABA b receptors
baclofen and GHB
are glycine receptors ionotropic or metabotropic
ionotropic
where are glycine receptors usually found
in the spinal cord
what is the function of strychnine
it blockes glycine receptors , it causes painful death
what is the basic funciton of biogenic amines
regulate mood and other functions
what are the main catergories of biogenic amines
catecholamines , indoleamine and imidazoleamine
dopamine is an example of an _______ biogenic amine
catecholamine
dopemine is important in regulation of _____ and _____
movement, reward
which kinod of neurons die in the parkinsons disease
dopaminergic neruons
cocaine , amphetamines and heroin affect what kind of synapses ?
dopaminergic synapses
norepinephrine and epiniphrine are examples of what class of biogenic amines
catecholamines
what receptors do norepinephrine and epinephrine act on ?
alpha and beta adernergenic receptors
what is norepinephrens central effect
influences sleep, attentions and wakefulness
this amine is important in motivation
dopamine
these 2 amines are involved in fight or flight
norepinephren and epinephrin
histamine is part of what class of amines
imidazoleamine
t/f histamine effects the cns
true
in the cns , histamine mediates ______ and ______
arousal and attention
this amine is involved in regulation of the vestibular (balance ) system
histamine
seratonin is part of what class of amines
indolamine
is serotonin important in the somatic or visceral nervous system
visceral
this amine is important in wakefullness, mood and many psychiatric disorders
seratonin
what does SSRI mean
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
what is buproprion
a drug that inhibits reuptake of norepinphine and dopamine .
buproprion is antagonist or agonist for noctini acetylcholine receptors
antagonist
peptide neurotransmitters help to regulate
weight regulation , stress and regulation and release of other hormones
what is the function of u opiate receptors
they are the site of action for opiate drugs like heroin and morphine
major painkillers are _____ receptors
opiate
where does morphine bind to
opiate receptors
endocannabinoids are examples of
unconventional neurotransmitters
what kind of receptors do endocannabinoids receptors target
cannabinoid receptors
list 2 examples of endocannabinoids
2 -AG , Anandamide
what kind of signaling is endoanbinoids
retrograde
are endocannabinoids made post synaptically or pre synaptically
post synaptically
what is the name of the most common receptor for endocannabinoids
CB1
THC is an example of an ____ of _______ receptors
THC is an agonist of cannabinoid receptors
endocannabinoid signaling is important for what 4 things
perception
motor control
memory
appetite
