Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neurobiology > Lecture 10 > Flashcards

Lecture 10 Flashcards

0
Q

Taste chemicals are soluble in what 2 things

A

Water and air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What do taste and smell detect

A

Chemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In the case of smell what are the chemicals soluble in

A

Air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What kind of receptors do taste and smell chemicals rely on

A

G protein couples receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

T/f taste and smell are closely related to behavior

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the importance of nostrils

A

Important for distinguishing the location of odors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The inability of smell is called

A

Anosmia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a likely cause of Anosmia

A

A missing gene for that odor or a zinc deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The inability to smell any odors could be due to

A

A cold, Brain trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Can you taste food without smell

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is our oldest sense

A

Taste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Things that you can smell are called

A

Odorants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do odorants interact with

A

Olfactory receptor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where are orns located

A

Olfactory epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

where do the axons of the orns connect to

A

to the olfactory bulb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what kind of cells are orns

A

bipolar cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

are ORNS mylenated or unmylinated

A

unmylenated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the microvilia called on ORNS

A

olfactory cilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

olfactory cilia re directly exposed to what

A

odorants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how are ORNS regenerated

A

by stem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

are ORNS regenerated

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how do cilia detect odors

A

they use their cilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

the odorant receptors are a large family of what kind of receptors

A

g protein linked receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

are odor receptors variable

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

how many odor receptors do humans have

A

950

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

who has better smell mice or humans

A

mice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

how many odor genes are expressed in humans

A

400

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

each orn express how many olfactory receptors

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

t/f every olfactory receptor is expressed in some ORN

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

t/f ORNs not are selective

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

t/f ORNS expressing a particular receptor are sparsely distributed over the olfactory epithelium

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

where do ORN axons go to

A

the olfactory bulb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

which has a larger olfactory bulb mice or humans

A

mice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

in the olfactory bulb where do ORN axons go to

A

the glomeruli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

in the bulb where axons go to the glomeruli they come in contact with 2 cells . what is the name of the cells

A
  1. mitral cells

2. tufted cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

mitral cells and tufted cell each extend dendrites into how many glomerulus

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

where do the axons of glomeruli project to

A

the olfactory tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

what kind of cells do glomeruli come in contacy with

A

granule cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

t/f only some of the ORNS expressing a particular receptor project to one glomerulus

A

false , they all do !

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

about how many ORN go into 1 glomerulous

A

25000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

about how many mitral cells go into 1 glomerulous

A

25

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

t/f individual glomeruli are selective for particular odors

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

t/f different odors activate different glomeruli

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

t/f complex natural substances like coffee and cheese give off hundreds of odorant

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

at normal concentration , how many glomeruli are activated

A

only a small number of glomeruli are activated

46
Q

what is the term when a small number of glomeruli only respond to one or 2 key odorants

A

sparse coading

47
Q

what is population coding

A

many neurons respond but at different rates . you must compare response of many neurons to deduce which stimulus is present

48
Q

how do axons from the olfactory bulb travel

A

ipsilaterally

49
Q

describe the pathway that they axons from the olfactory bulb travel

A

travel ipsilaterally via the olfactory tract to the piriform cortex and other cortical targets

50
Q

most mammals have another organ of smell called the

A

vomeronasal organ

51
Q

where doe the vomeronasal organ project to

A

to the accessory olfactory bulb

52
Q

where does the accessoty olfactory bulb project to

A

tothe hypothalamus and amygdala

53
Q

name the 2 areas of the brain that are involved in emotion and body regulation

A

hypthalamus and amygdala

54
Q

what are pheromones

A

they are odorants detected by the vno

55
Q

how are pheromones detected

A

by receptors that are differnt from the ones used in the main olfactory system

56
Q

t/f : pheromones are secreted in urine

A

true

57
Q

t/f phermones exist in humans

A

false

58
Q

t/f humans lack a vomeronassal organ

A

true

59
Q

t/f there is differential activation of brain areas after exposure to an odor mix containing estrogen or androgens

A

true

60
Q

t/f taste indicated the nutritive value of food

A

true

61
Q

are most taste molecules hydrophilic or hydorphobic

A

hydrophillic

62
Q

is the threshold for detecting bitter substances low or high

A

low

63
Q

t/f the threshold for detecting bitter substances is high

A

false , its low

64
Q

the threshold for detecting all substances except bitter is high/low

A

high

65
Q

where are taste cells clustered

A

in taste buds

66
Q

t/f there are taste buds on the pharynx

A

true

67
Q

list the 5 places where taste buds are found

A 
tongue 
palate
pharynx
epiglottis
upper 3rd of esphagus
68
Q

where are taste buds primarily foundon teh tongue

A

on the papillae

69
Q

where are papillae embedded

A

in the epithelium

70
Q

the tongue has special structures called ___ ___which contain taste bud

A

taste papillae

71
Q

how many types of papillae are found in different regions of the tongue

A

3

72
Q

where are fungiform papillae found

A

the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

73
Q

what type of papillaw are found on the posterior 3rd of the tongue

A

cicumvallate papillae

74
Q

each circumvallate is surrounded by a __

A

groove

75
Q

where are foliate papillae are found where

A

situated on the posterior edge of the tongue

76
Q

t/f tastes can only be detected in certain regions of the tongue

A

false, all tastes can be detected over the entire tongue

77
Q

t/f different regions of the tongue have different sensitivities to taste

A

true

78
Q

where is sour most sensitive on the tongue

A

on the sides

79
Q

where is bitter most sensitive on the tongue

A

in the back

80
Q

where is salty most sensitive on the tongue

A

on the sides and front

81
Q

where is sweet / umami most sensitive on the tongue

A

on the tip

82
Q

taste buds consist of what 2 kinds of cells

A

basal cells and taste cells

83
Q

where are taste cells clustered

A

around the taste pore

84
Q

each taste bud has a small opening at the surface of the epithelium called a

A

taste poor

85
Q

taste cells in each bud extend ___into the taste taste poor

A

microvili

86
Q

the taste cell in innervated by sensory neurons called

A

primary gustatory afferent fibers

87
Q

what are the 5 basic tastes

A

salt, sour, sweet, bitter, umami

88
Q

which taste is poisionous food often associtaed with

A

bitter

89
Q

how many taste receptors are there

A

5

90
Q

t/f there is 1 taste receptor for each basic taste

A

true

91
Q

t/f each taste cell only expresses one type of taste receptor

A

true

92
Q

t/f each taste bud is specific for one taste

A

true

93
Q

the salt receptor is channel selective for __

A

na

94
Q

in the salt receptor what depolarizes the cell

A

na

95
Q

the sour receptors: what directly depolarizes the cell

A

h+

96
Q

what are the sour receptors permiable to

A

protons and cations

97
Q

sweet and umami use the g protein ____

A

gustducin

98
Q

what are the receptors that are used in sweet

A

t1R2 and T1R3

99
Q

what are the receptors that are used in the umami

A

t1R1 and T1R3

100
Q

what are t1 , t1r2 ,t1r3

A

gpcr subunits

101
Q

are t1r2 and t1r1 expressed in the same cell

A

no

102
Q

does bitter use the g protein gustaducin

A

yes

103
Q

what does gustaducin activate

A

PLCbeta 2

104
Q

when gustducin activates PLCbeta2 ca is released which then activates ___

A

TRPM5

105
Q

T/F trpm5 is a selective cation channel

A

false, trpm5 is a non selective cation channel

106
Q

when trpm5 is opened does the cell depolarize or hyperpolarize

A

depolarize

107
Q

when trpm5 is activated are channels opened or closed

A

opened

108
Q

when taste cells are depolarized what does this lead to

A

neurotransmitter release

109
Q

what are the taste cells transmitters

A

serotonin and maybe ATP , and GABA

110
Q

t/f neurons that respond to similar tastes cluster together in hot spots

A

truth

111
Q

t/f different basic tastes activate different parts of the insula

A

true

Neurobiology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions