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BIOL1030 > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

how many known animal species are arthropoda?

A

-2/3

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2
Q

what are the key aspects of the arthropoda phylum?

A

-found in nearly all habitats
-segmented body covered by a cuticle (hard exoskeleton)
-have joint appendages
-bilaterians
-most undergo metamorphosis
-have stepwise growth
-open circulatory system
-have tagmata

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3
Q

what is the cuticle of an arthropod made up of?

A

-proteins
-chitin

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4
Q

what joint appendages do arthropods have?

A

-leg joints
-claws
-fangs
-antennas

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5
Q

what is the purpose of the leg joints in arthropods ?

A

-walking

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6
Q

what is the purpose of arthropods having claws?

A

-defense
-intimidation
-sensing + feeding

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7
Q

what is the purpose of arthropods having fangs?

A

-inject venom

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8
Q

what is the purpose of arthropods having antennas? what does this tell us?

A

-sensation (interpret surroundings)
-they have undergone cephalization

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9
Q

what does it mean to have an open circulatory system?

A

-hemolymph is circulated to organs + tissue spaces
-hemolymph leaves the heart and goes to arteries
-no veins to bring hemolymph back

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10
Q

what are tagmata?

A

-grouped segments

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11
Q

what 2 tagmata do arthropods have?

A

-cephalothorax (head + thorax)
-abdomen (many small segments)

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12
Q

what are the clades found within the arthropods?

A

-chelicerata clade
-myriapoda clade
-hexapoda clade
-pancrustacea clade

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13
Q

what 2 groups are within the chelicerata clade?

A

-eurypterids
-arachnids

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14
Q

what are examples of eurypterids?

A

-horseshoe crabs
-sea spiders

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15
Q

what are examples of arachnids?

A

-spiders
-scorpions
-ticks
-mites

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16
Q

what does the cephalothorax house in the arachnids?

A

-poision glands

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17
Q

what does the abdomen house in the arachnids?

A

-essentials organs
-heart
-reproductive structures
-digestive system
-silk glands

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18
Q

how many pairs of appendages do arachnids have?

A

-6 pairs

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19
Q

what is another name for fangs?

A

-chelicerae

20
Q

what is another name for claws?

A

-pedipalps

21
Q

how many pairs of legs do arachnids have?

A

-4 pairs

22
Q

do arachnids have antennae? if not, why?

A

-NO
-they have sensitive eyes

23
Q

what are the 2 groups within the myriapoda clade?

A

-centipedes
-millipedes

24
Q

what are key features of the centipedes?

A

-1 pair of legs per segment
-carnivorous (eat other animals)

25
Q

what are key features of the millipedes?

A

-2 pairs of legs per segment
-found in forest + tropical environments
-herbivorous (eats plants)
-gente

26
Q

what is included in the hexapoda clade?

A

-very diverse (large) clade
-insects + other 6 legged organisms

27
Q

what are key features of the hexapoda clade?

A

-in nearly every terrestrial habitat or in fresh water
-undergo one of the two types of metamorphosis
-lightweight chitinous exoskeleton
-3 tagmata

28
Q

what are the two types of metamorphosis?

A

-complete metamorphosis
-incomplete metamorphosis

29
Q

what is complete metamorphosis?

A

-larva to adult form
-energetically expensive

30
Q

what are common larva forms?

A

-maggot
-caterpillar
-grub

31
Q

what are examples of animals within the hexapoda clade that go through complete metamorphosis?

A

-beetles
-flies
-moths
-wasps
-bees

32
Q

what is incomplete metamorphosis?

A

-juvenile form resembles the adult form
-considered “true bugs”

33
Q

what are examples of animals within the hexapoda clade that go through incomplete metamorphosis?

A

-leaf hoppers
-aphids
-grass hoppers

34
Q

what are the 3 tagmata that a hexapoda animal has? how many segments for each?

A

-head (5 segments)
-thorax (3 segments)
-abdomen (up to 11 segments)

35
Q

what is included within the pancrustea clade?

A

-crustaceans + insects

36
Q

what are the 2 groups of crustaceans?

A

-1 more closely related to insects (sister taxa)
-1 more closely related to myriapods rather than other crustaceans

37
Q

what type of group is crusteacae?

A

-paraphyletic group (expand over multiple groups)

38
Q

what 2 tagmata are found within crustecea?

A

-cephalothorax
-abdomen/tail

39
Q

in crustacea, what are features of the cephalothorax?

A

-several antennae pairs
-chelipeds (theoretical arms/front legs)
-walking legs (varying #’s)

40
Q

in crustacea, what are features of the abdomen/tail?

A

-heavily muscled
-helps movement in environments

41
Q

where did flight evolution first occur?

A

-hexapoda clade (arthropods)

42
Q

what are wings extensions of? are they considered appendages?

A

-extensions of the exoskeleton
-not considered appendages

43
Q

what happens to wings when moulting/shedding stops?

A

-wings harden

44
Q

how do wings/flight provide evolutionary success?

A

-escape predators faster?
-find food easier
-move to new habitats quickly

45
Q

how are insects defined?

A

-have 3 body parts
-6 legs
-4 wings
-2 antennae

BIOL1030 (11 decks)

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