Lecture 5 Flashcards
What are the 4 dimensions of time
- Trajectory
- Rhythms
- Homeostasis or balance
- Energy and information
Definition and time frame for Trajectory
Definition: growth, development and aging
Time frame: years, decades
Definition and time frame for rhythms
Definition: maintenance/ repair, other processes
Time frame: Days, weeks, months
Definition and time frame for homeostasis and balance
Definition: maintenance of steady state
Time frame: Seconds, minutes, hours
Definition and time frame for energy and information flow
Definition: action potential, enzymatic reactions
Time frame: Milliseconds, microseconds
What is lifespan vs health
Lifespan = how long do I have to live
Health span = how long will I be living a healthy and independent life
What are the average life and healthspans in Canada
Lifespan = 81 yr
Healthspan = 72 yr
What are peoples thoughts about maximizing healthspan
Goal of most individuals and societies
What are peoples thoughts about maximizing lifespan
Various attitudes and practices around the world
Moral, ethical, religious, implications
What are the 9 factors of lifespan
- Weight/ build
- Exercise
- Sleep
- Stress
- Education level
- Blood total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol
- Blood pressure
- Smoking
- Age of parents and grandparents
What are biomarkers
Indicators of biological state of organism
Used to measure objectively and track aging/disease process
Why are growth markers important in infancy and childhood
Infancy and childhood have dramatic changes ikn height
What could be causes for slow and fast growth in infancy and children
Slow growth = infectious disease, malnutrition, hormonal problems
Fast growth = hormonal problems (excess GH); overnutrition could affect body weight but likely not height
What are the 4 main causes for shortening height in adulthood
- Bone degeneration
- Compression fracture
- Kyphosis (curving of spine) due to osteoporosis
- Disk degeneration/ compression
How are height issues found
If individual derives from normal biomarkers
- Losing height at greater rate than expected
What type of process height
Pathological processes
What do height issues cause
Cause a dependence on healthcare
What is sarcopenia
Age related loss of muscle mass
How much muscle do adults loose per year
Up to 1%
What are indications of reduced muscle mass in men
Associated w decrease in testosterone, IGF-1, inactivity
What are indications of reduced muscle mass in women
Associated with inactivity and probably estrogen
How can you prevent or reverse sarcopenia
Resistance training 2,3x per week in each muscle group
Protein can stimulate protein synthesis if doing resistance training (Elderly may need more proteins)
What are the 5 requirements of biomarkers
- Reflect health function or disease processes to predict risk of future development or disease
- Have a predictable range across an identifiable category of individuals or must be routinely monitored over time within each individual
- Have methods available for accurate and precise measurement
- Most markers have normal ranges and diagnostic values if they are too high or low
- Biomarker can change during a lifespan
What is the meaning of biomarkers
When outside range of biomarker may indicate risk for development of disease or actual presence of disease condition
What are the two components of the new era of biomarkers
- Networks within organs are perturbed during disease states
- Panels of blood markers (proteins, RNAs, metabolites) provide assessment of perturbed networks and organs
