Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL *1080 > Lecture 17 > Flashcards

Lecture 17 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 forms of carbohydrates

A

Starch
Lactose
Sucrose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What enzyme breaks down starch into small polymers

A

Salivary amylase enzyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are polymers broken into in the SI

A

Disaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What enzyme breaks down polymers into diaccharides

A

Pancreatic Amylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where are brush border cells found

A

Intestimal lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the role of brush border cells

A

Break di into monosaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is starch broken down by brush border cells

A

Starch: glucose disaccharides broken into glucose monomers by brush border cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is lactose broken down by brush border cells

A

Lactose: broken by beta-galactosidase (secreted by brush border cells) into its monomers galactose and glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is sucrose broken down by brush border cells

A

Sucrose: broken by sucrase (secreted by brush border cells) into its monomers glucose and fructose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens to the monomers broken down in the brush border cells

A

Monomers then transported across intestinal epithelium into the bloodstream and absorbed into body cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is glycolisis

A

Cell metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the beginning and end products of glycolysis

A

Glycolytic pathways metabolize glucose into pyruvate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the byproducts from glycolisis

A

Result in formation of energy molecules ADP and NADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do galactose and fructose enter glycolisis

A

Galactose and fructose converted into glucose-6-phosphate and then enter glycolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Whats the results of Maltose in the brush border cells and enzyme used to convert it

A

Maltose = 2 glucose

Converted by enzyme maltase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Whats the result of sucroses in the brush border cells and enzyme used to convert it

A

Sucrose = fructose + glucose

Converted by enzyme sucrase

12
Q

Whats the result of lactose in the brush border cells and enzyme used to convert it

A

Lactose = galactose + glucose

Converted by enzyme lactase

13
Q

Whats the result of starch in the brush border cells and enzyme used to convert it

A

Starch = glucose + glucose + glucose …

14
Q

What deficiency causes celiac disease

A

Deficiency in lactase causing lactose intolerance

15
Q

Explain what a lactase deficiency means

A

Lactose not properly broken into glucose and galactose by lactase

16
Q

Where does protein digestion begin

A

Stomach

17
Q

Explain the 3 steps of protien digestion and AA transportation

A
  1. Proteins broken into smaller peptides
  2. Epithelial cells secrete peptidases to break down larger peptides into individual AAs
  3. AAs transported throughout body via bloodstream to produce energy (in liver)
18
Q

Where does lipid digestion begin

A

Mouth

19
Q

Where is lingual lipase released and what does it break down

A

Released from tounge, breaks large fats into smaller components

20
Q

Where is gastric lipase secreted

A

Stomach

21
Q

What is the role of bile salts in lipid digestion

A

Once in the duodenum, bile salts coat fat droplets, creating aqueous suspension

22
Q

What is the role of pancreatic lipase in lipid digestion

A

Pancreatic lipase present hydrolyze triglycerides into smaller components (free fatty acids and monoglycerides)

23
Q

What happens to fatty acids and monoglycerides in lipid digestion

A

Fatty acids and monoglycerides absorbed my small intestine for further processing

24
Q

How do bile salta emulsify fats

A

Bile salts are amphipathic (hydrophilic and lipophilic) , attraction to water and oil breaks fat globules into fat droplets, further making it easier for enzymes to break down fat

25
Q

What do fat droplets consist of

A

Fat globule + bile salt

26
Q

Where is lipase secreated from

A

Pancreas

27
Q

What is the role of lipase in lipid digestion

A

Breaks triglycerides (from fat droplets) into monoglycerides and fatty acids

28
Q

How do lipid protiens (specifically chylomicrons) enter circulation

A

Chylomicrons are too large to cross the capillary wall so are first absorbed into the lymphatic system then re enter circulation via the thoracic duct near the heart

29
Q

What is ileal chyme

A

A chemical and particle rich liquid

30
Q

Where does ileal chyme enter the LI

A

From the ileum (ileocecal valve)

31
Q

What is part of ileal chyme

A

Any unabsorbed nutrients
Hormones and chemical messengers
Soluble fiber (prebiotic)

Insoluble fiber (bulking agent)
Microbes (probiotics and other)

Cellular debris
Excretion products from the liver

32
Q

What 5 things happen in the LI

A
  1. Colonic epithelium absorb water and simple ions
  2. Resident microbes digest and absorb what chemicals they can
  3. The resident microbes produce some vitamins
  4. Resident microbes produce gasses during their digestion and consumption of ileal chyme
  5. Microbes inter microbial ecosystem and multiply
33
Q

Explain hedonic vs homeostatic hunger

A

Hedonic hunger
The drive to obtain pleasure in the absence of an angry deficit

Homeostatic hunger
Increased motivation to eat following depletion of energy sources

BIOL *1080 (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions