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BIOL *1080 > Lecture 11 > Flashcards

Lecture 11 Flashcards

1
Q

What do hormones control

A

1) Growth and development
2) Hormone development
3) Homeostasis
4) Reproduction

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2
Q

Where do hormones come from?

A

1) Endocrine glands
2) Nerves
3) Organs
4) Adipose tissue and skeletal muscle

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3
Q

Which hormones aid in reproduction

A

Estrogen and testosterone

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4
Q

Give an example of body fat influencing hormones

A

More fat and less muscle = people secreting more insulin with insulin resistance

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5
Q

What is the nervous system

A

This system sends messages back and forth between the brain and the body.

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6
Q

What is the endocrine system

A

It uses hormones to control and coordinate bodies responses

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7
Q

What happens when the nervous system and endocrine system interact

A

The CCN network is formed

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8
Q

What are the 3 ways which the nervous system interacts with the endocrine system

A

1) Neurohormones - some nerves release neurotransmitters directly into the bloodstream

2) All primary and secondary endocrine glands and tissues are supplied by neurons in the autonomic nervous system

3) Neurons in the PNS and CNS have many receptors for hormones

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9
Q

What do neurotransmitters modualte

A

Hormone secretion

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10
Q

Give an example of neurotransmitters modulating hormone secretion

A

Norepineprhine: inc epinephrine; dec insulin

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11
Q

What are neurohormones

A

Neurotransmitters that are release into the bloodstream

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12
Q

What is a neurotransmitter

A

Chemical messengers that act on junctions between cells and their target cells (neurons, muscle cells or gland cells)

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13
Q

Do neurotransmitters or neurohormones act more broadly on the body

A

Neurohormones

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14
Q

What is the posterior pituitary gland

A

Collection of nerve ending that releasing oxytocin (OT) and ACH

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15
Q

What system the posterior pituitary gland in

A

In nervous system and endocrine system

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16
Q

What does the posterior pituitary gland release

A

Posterior releases hormones MADE from the hypothalamus
- Oxytocin and ACH

17
Q

What does the anterior pituitary gland release

A

Many hormones

18
Q

What does oxytoxin control (3)

A

Uterine contraction, milk ejection, positive mood

19
Q

What is low levels of oxytoxin assosiated with (3)

A
  • Associations between low levels of oxytocin and autism spectrum disorder (plays role in social cognition)
  • Depression, anxiety and stress associated with low oxytocin
  • Low oxytocin associated with higher perceived levels of pain
20
Q

Why is breastfeeding calming to mums

A

Levels of OT increase breastfeeding and initiative let-down and milk ejeculation; have calming effect on mum

21
Q

What does ADH control (2)

A
  • Retention of fluid in kidneys
  • Play important role in blood pressure regulation
22
Q

What does ADH increase in response to (2)

A
  • Increased ADH release with heart failure
  • Increased ADH in response to severe blood loss and severe dehydration
23
Q

What is association vs causation in bio

A

Association: used for studies non-clinical or observational research

Causation: used in randomized variable trials

24
Q

Where are hormones secreted from into the anterior pituitary gland

A

Hormones secreted from hypothalamus

25
Q

How do hormones enter the the anterior pituitary gland

A

Hormones enter anterior pituitary through bloodstream

26
Q

Where are hormones delivered from the anterior pituitary gland

A

Hormones enter anterior pituitary through bloodstream
Hormones delivered to secondary organs and tissues

27
Q

What does the hypothalamus release

A

Hypothalamus releases GHRH

28
Q

What is GHRH stimulated by

A

Stimulated by sex hormones and deep sleep

29
Q

Where is GHRH secreted to

A

GHRH is delivered to the anterior pituitary gland

30
Q

Where does the anterior pituitary gland secrete GHRH to

A

Delivered from anterior pituitary gland to liver, bone, muscle and adipose

31
Q

What can GH influence in adulthood

A

Skull and facial bones can still grow under influence of GH in adulthood

32
Q

What is WADA

A

World anti-doping agency

33
Q

What does WADA do

A
  • Ban hormone modifying drugs that can harm the body or enhance athletic performance
  • Work to level the playing field
34
Q

What has WADA banned in competition

A

Stimulants

Narcotics

Cannabinoids

Glucocorticosteroids

35
Q

What are the effects of steroids

A

Violent behavior
Bad breath
Liver tumors and cancer
Increased thirst

36
Q

Why can anabolic steroids and growth hormones be harmful (2)

A

1) Effective dose is supraphysiological (more than natutally produced in body)

2) Dose of hormone/hormone agonist is generally not timed to mimic natural hormone production

BIOL *1080 (19 decks)

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