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BIOL *1080 > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Is every human a unique biological system

A

Yes
- Emergent properties make each adult human unique despite remarkable genetic similarity
- 99.9% genetic homology (same genetics)

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2
Q

What are emergent properties

A
  • Make us all unique
  • A property that a complex or collective system has but individual members do not have
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3
Q

Whats an example of emergent properties

A

Ant colonies: Exhibit emergent behavior as acting as one, even though each follow their own rules and instructions

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4
Q

Four components of control and communication network

A
  1. Central nervous system
  2. Peripheral nervous system
  3. Endocrine system
  4. Support and defense system
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5
Q

Whats involved in the central nervous system

A

Brian and spinal cord

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6
Q

Whats involved in the peripheral nervous system

A
  • Somatic (voluntary) nervous system - ex. itching
  • Automatic (involuntary) nervous system - ex. digesting
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7
Q

Whats involved in the endocrine system

A
  • Endocrine tissues and exocrine glands
  • Hormones
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8
Q

Whats involved in the support and defense system

A

Support, movement, maintenance, repair, adaption defenses (specific and not specific)

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9
Q

What are properties of the CCN

A
  • Controls and coordinates function of all physiological systems and individual organs, including itself
  • Always ‘on” despite conscious or unconscious
  • Distributed throughout entire body
  • Each component of the network has multiple functions; the network has redundancy
  • Information flow within the network is via chemical-based, cell-cell communication
    – Mind is not separate from body, emotions and thoughts and biochemically based
    – Four major CNN components are not separable
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10
Q

What is the CNN integrators of in an adult human

A
  • Integrator of inputs to heath, disease and aging
    – Genetics, environment, and lifestyle
  • Integrator of output to seven dimensions of health
    – Spiritual, physical, mental, social, emotional, environmental, occupational (ex. shift workers have worse health due to sleep patterns thrown off)
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11
Q

What diseases result from diminished/abnormal functions of the CCN

A
  • Diabetes, atherosclerosis - endocrine, support, and defense system
  • Cancer, autoimmune disease - support and defense
  • Depression, ADHD - central nervous system
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12
Q

What functions does the CNN reduce with aging

A
  • Impaired memory, alzheimer - Central Nervous System
  • Diminished tough sensitivity - Peripheral Nervous System
  • Impaired wound healing capacity - Support and defense system
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13
Q

What does SB integrate

A

INTEGRATED approach to health, disease, and again should enhance medical and healthcare practice

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14
Q

What are the 4 pillars of P4 medicine

A
  1. Personalized
  2. Predictive
  3. Preventive
  4. Participatory
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15
Q

P4 - explain personalized approach

A

Personalized approach, knowing which drug is best due to genetic info

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16
Q

P4 - explain predictive approach

A

Predictive - predict risk of diseases due to current health

17
Q

P4 - explain preventive approach

A

Preventive - different than reactive medicine approach, intervening earlier in life before issue approaches

18
Q

P4 - explain participatory approach

A

Participatory - getting patients involved in their health. Someone as a patient has to make changes to participate in their own health

19
Q

What are the 7 characteristics of life

A
  1. Responses to the environment (how food, activity, drugs impact our health)
  2. Growth and change
  3. Ability to reproduce
  4. Have a metabolism and breathe
  5. Maintain homeostasis
    Incredibly critical to life
  6. Being made of cells
  7. Passing traits onto offspring (Eye colour)
20
Q

Who is Robert Sapolsky

A
  • Neurologist and primatologist
  • Explores long-term health impact of stress (long term stress exposure contributes to mental health risk)
  • Investigate how culture/society influence our moral compass
21
Q

Whats an example of personalized integrative medicine

A

23andMe

22
Q

What are the issues with personalized integrative medicine

A
  1. Very little regulation with genetic testing (causing lots of misinformation in companies)
  2. Ethical concern as information is provided right to consumer instead of through healthcare professional( People make strong decisions about health, based on information from kit)
  3. Issues with results leading to genetic discrimination, specifically to insurance companies
23
Q

What are humans controlled by

A

We are controlled by a “control and communication network” information flow is chemical based

24
Q

Why is the CCN so important

A

This network is a focal point and integrator of our health. Deterioration of this network occurs with disease and aging

25
Q

Explain the P4 approch

A

P4 medicine involves a systems biology approach to health, as well as a more “individual” approach. There are some things we can not reliably predict, so beware of false claims

BIOL *1080 (19 decks)

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