Lecture 40 - Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Flashcards
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) originate from hematopoietic stem cells so the BM will be hypercellular, and cells from many lineages will be dysplastic. PB will show one or more ______ (decreased cell counts). These patients typically have had previous chemo treatments (so hx of cancer). ______ (an epigenetic change) is common in MDS. Look out for pseudo-___-___ cells on blood smear.
Cytopenias
Hypermethylation
pseudo-Pelger-Huet cells
Myeloproliferative Disorders show neoplastic accumulation of _____ (immature or mature?) myeloid cells of _____ (single or multiple?) lineage(s).
Mature
Single lineage
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) –> neoplastic accumulation of granulocytes, especially _______ and their precursor _____ cells. _____megaly is very common in these patients. What is the name of the 9;22 translocation chromosome in these patients?
Also look for low levels of leukocyte ______ _____ (LAP) in the cells of these patients.
Treat CML patients with _____, which is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
Neutrophils
Band cells
Splenomegaly
It’s called a Philadelphia Chromosome
Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase (LAP)
Imatinib
Polycythemia Vera is characterized by an increase in Hbg and ____ count with LOW EPO. It is casued by a ____2 mutation, which results in EPO-independent production of _____. Look for itching after bathing in these patients.
RBC (hematocrit)
EPO
JAK2
RBCs
Essential Thrombocytosis –> increase in ______ in BM that leads to thrombocytosis. Blood smear will show ____ (large or small?) platelets and of course a lot of them.
Megakaryocytes
Large
Myelofibrosis is the least common Myeloproliferative disorder and is seen mostly in older males. It presents with proliferation of normal _____ in the BM and increased deposition of collagen, and thus pancytopenia bc the BM doesn’t have space for hematopoiesis. Blood smear might show “____” poikilocytosis (abnormally shaped RBCs).
Fibroblasts
“Teardrop”
