Lecture 24

Question 1

For Complete Blood Count (CBC), if _____ (which cells?) are normal, then you can apply the Rule of Three, which state _____ x 3 = _____ +or- 3.

Answer 1

RBCs

HGB x 3 = HCT +or- 3

Question 2

WBC Reference Interval (RI) for males and females = ____-____ (x10^3/microliter). HCT for males is ____-____ and for females is ____-____ (%). PLT for males and females is ____-____ (x10^3/microliter)

Answer 2

4.5-11.5

40-54

35-49

150-450

Question 3

____ ____ ____ tells you the average volume of RBCs and is a key measurement for differentiating between types of anemia. If this measure is low, it is referred to as ______ anemia, and these types of anemias tend to be caused by issues with _____ production in RBCs. _____ deficiency anemia, Anemia of _____ disease, Thalassemia, HB E, and Sideroblastic anemia (from lead poisoning) can be causes.

______ anemia describes anemic conditions when MCV is high. _______ anemia (B12 and Folate deficiencies are common causes), BM failure, _____ disease, and Myelodysplastic syndromes can be causes. Keep in mind newborns have a high MCV level.

Answer 3

Mean Cell Volume (MCV)

Microcytic

Hb

Iron deficiency anemia

Anemia of Chronic disease

Macrocytic

Megaloblastic anemia

Liver disease

Question 4

For macrocytic and microcytic anemias, how do central pallor and diameter of RBCs change?

Answer 4

Macrocytic –> central pallor decreases while RBC diameter increases.

Microcytic –> central pallor increases while RBC diameter decreases.

Question 5

________ is the term that describes variations in RBC diameter in a blood smear. RDW (Red Cell Distribution Width) describes the measure of RBC diameters. Deficiency of ____, B12, and/or _____ can cause an increase in RDW (more spread out distribution). ______ anemias can cause the same.

If someone with a microcytic iron deficiency anemia is being treated, how might the RDW distribution look?

Answer 5

Anisocytosis

Iron

Folate

Hemolytic anemias

Bimodal –> the microcytic cells will show a peak at a lower volume while the treatment will induce a peak at normal volume.

Question 6

How does Reticulocyte count differ in Hemolytic anemia vs Megaloblastic anemia?

How does Reticulocyte count change with successful therapy for iron, B12, or Folate deficiencies?

Answer 6

Reticulocyte count INCREASES with Hemolytic and DECREASES with Megaloblastic.

Reticulocyte count increases after successful therapy for iron, B12, and Folate deficiencies.

Question 7

“_____ shift” refers to an increased presence of band cells and immature neutrophils in peripheral blood (as well as metamyelocytes, myelocytes, and even promyelocytes). This is usually indicative of infection, but immature neutrophils are also found in peripheral blood with ______ malignancies.

Answer 7

Left shift

Myeloid malignancies

Question 8

_____ (Nucleated or Anucleate?) RBCs are not normally found in the peripheral blood after 4 days post-birth. Finding these in the peripheral blood can indicate BM response to severe _____, or it can indicate disruption of BM due to leukemias or other malignancies.

Answer 8

Nucleated

Anemia

Question 9

________ is the term that describes an increase in platelets found in peripheral blood.

Answer 9

Thrombocytopenia