Lecture 31

Question 1

The first step following blood vessel damage is ______ (both neurological and induced by chemicals released from endothelial cells on edge of injury.)

Answer 1

Vasoconstriction

Question 2

Platelets adhere to each other via linkages by _______, which can be activated by _____ (factor IIa) to form fibrin. Remember that fibrin cross-links can be cleaved by _____ –> the presence of D-dimers indicates this is happening.

Answer 2

Fibrinogen

Thrombin

Plasmin

Question 3

When ______ A2 (a prostaglandin) is produced in platelets, Prostacyclin is produced in endothelial cells to act in opposition.

Answer 3

Thromboxane A2

Question 4

While clotting is a normal, physiological process, Thrombus formation is pahtologic. Endothelial cells that produce tissue factor to activate the coag cascade leading to Thrombin also produce _____, which results in the activation of plasmin. This is done to prevent thrombus formation.

Answer 4

t-PA (tissue Plasminogen Activator)

Question 5

Factor ___ Leiden is a mutation in this factor that prevents its inactivation by activated Protein C (which is activated by Thrombin binding to ______ on endothelial cells).

Answer 5

Factor V Leiden

Thrombomodulin

Question 6

____ infarcts are typically characteristic of organs/tissues with a single blood supply, while _____ infarcts are characteristic of organs/tissues with dual blood supply. The ____ tract is an exception in that it has a single blood supply, but experiences _____ infarcts because of back flow of blood through the venous system.

Answer 6

Anemic

Hemorrhagic

Hemorrhagic

Question 7

The appearance of _____ infarcts is white, while the appearance of ______ infarcts is dark blood color.

Answer 7

Anemic

Hemorrhagic