Lecture 33

Question 1

_______ Growth is the term used to describe when one cell type is displaced by another cell type, but the basement membrane is not compromised and the cells themselves look normal.

Answer 1

Metaplastic growth

Question 2

______ growth is the term that describes when cells begin to look abnormal.

Answer 2

Dysplastic Growth

Question 3

Adenomas/polyps/papillomas/warts are all examples of large ______ growths that are still contained by the basement membrane.

Answer 3

Dysplastic

Question 4

_____ cancer is the term used to describe metastatic cancer in which the tissue of origin of the cancer cells cannot be determined because the cells have dedifferentiated.

Answer 4

Occult

Question 5

_______ is the term used to described all cancers that derive from Epithelial cells. Keep in mind ______ are cells derived from neural crest cells and migrate into the epithelium. Thus, melanomas are not described by this term.

Answer 5

Carcinoma

Melanocytes

Question 6

_____ is the term used to describe cancers that arise from stromal cells.

Answer 6

Sarcoma

Question 7

_____ are liquid blood cancers that can be of both myeloid or lymphoid origin, while _____ are solid tumors that arise from ONLY lymphoid origin.

Answer 7

Leukemias

Lymphomas

Question 8

Tumor _____ describes the differentiation of the Tumor cells. The lower the number, the more differentiated they are.

Answer 8

Tumor Grade

Question 9

The “Stage” of a cancer describes the size and spread of the cancer. Stages 1-3 indicate cancer is present, and the higher the number the larger the mass and more it has invaded nearby tissue. Stage IV means the cancer has ______.

Answer 9

Metastasized

Question 10

______ mutations refers to the mutations that cause a cell to become cancerous, but that same cell may have acquired other mutations along the way, and these are termed _______ mutations (along for the ride but don’t contribute to cancer formation.)

Answer 10

Driver

Passenger

Question 11

Sporadic cancers occur later in life, and the location of the first mutation is in ____ cells, while Familial cancers show up much earlier and have the first mutation in ______ cells. Also, Familial cancers exhibit multiple primary tumors, while Sporadic cancers exhibit 1.

Answer 11

Somatic cells

Germline cells

Question 12

Inflammatory environments are ideal for cancer cells. The inflammatory response induces proneoplastic mutations via increasing ______ (what lysosomes use to kill infectious agents), induces resistance to _____ bc of factors secreted by immune cells, and stimulates _______ to increase blood supply.

Answer 12

ROS

Apoptosis

Angiogenesis