Lecture 4: Nervous System

Question 1

Mechanoreceptive somatic senses are responsible for ____ and ______

Answer 1

Tactile and postition

Question 2

Somatic senses are stimulated by ______

Answer 2

mechanical displacement of the tissue of the body

Question 3

***Where/How is the osmolality of body fluids measured? Name the chemoreceptors.

Answer 3

By the neurons in or near the supraoptic nuclei in the hypothalamus

Question 4

Name some chemoreceptors:

Answer 4

Taste buds, olfactory epithelium receptors, receptors of the aortic and carotid bodies, neurons that detect osmolality, CO2 concentration, Blood Glucose, AAs and Fatty Acids

Question 5

______ are the chemoreceptors that detect smells in the nose

Answer 5

Olfactory epithelium receptors

Question 6

_______ are the chemoreceptors that detect the oxygen level in the arterial blood

Answer 6

Receptors of the aortic and carotid bodies

Question 7

Name the chemoreceptor that detects CO2 concentration

Answer 7

Receptors in/on the surface of medulla

in aortic and carotid bodies

Question 8

The majority of homeostasis “checklist items” are constantly being checked by what part of the brain?

Answer 8

hypothalamus

Question 9

What do thermoreceptors detect?

Answer 9

changes in temperature

Question 10

What kind of receptors detect changes in light on the retina?

Answer 10

Electromagnetic receptors

Question 11

What is the labeled line principle?

Answer 11

that each nerve tract terminates at a specific point in the CNS which gives rise to specific sensation, each only transmits one type of sensation

Question 12

Pacinian Corpuscle transmits what kind of sensation?

Answer 12

vibration and pressure

Question 13

What is adaptation?

Answer 13

When continuous stimulus is applied the body quickly adjusts to the feeling and stops transmitting the sensation

Question 14

Hair receptors adapt slow or fast?

Answer 14

very fast, about 1 second

Question 15

Joint capsules and muscles adapt slow or fast?

Answer 15

Slow, never completely phase out

Question 16

Carotid and aortic baroreceptors adapt slow or fast?

Answer 16

very slow, up to 2 days

Question 17

Some _____ and ______ receptors may never completely adapt

Answer 17

Chemoreceptors and pain receptors

Question 18

Pacinian adapt slow or fast? What do they detect?

Answer 18

Very fast, sudden pressure or vibration on the skin

Question 19

______ transmits impulses to the brain as long as the stimulus is present

Answer 19

tonic receptors

Question 20

_____ transmits impulses only when the stimulus strength changes

Answer 20

Phasic receptors

Question 21

Name some examples of tonic receptors

Answer 21

Muscle spindles, GTO, Pain receptors, Chemoreceptors, baroreceptors

Question 22

______ react strongly while a change is taking place

Answer 22

Phasic receptors

Question 23

Name an example of a phasic receptors

Answer 23

Pacinian corpuscle

Question 24

Name the 4 categories that A is subdivided into:

Answer 24

Alpha, Beta, Gama, Delta

Question 25

______ is large and medium-sized myelinated fibers of spinal nerves

Answer 25

Class A

Question 26

_____ are unmyelinated fibers that conduct impulses at low velocities

Answer 26

Class C

Question 27

Are larger nerve fibers faster or slower?

Answer 27

Faster

Question 28

Aching Pain and temperature are what class?

Answer 28

C

Question 29

Sympathetic motor is what class?

Answer 29

C

Question 30

Annulospiral endings are what fiber type?

Answer 30

A- Alpha

Question 31

Flower spray endings are what fiber type? (General classification)

Answer 31

A- Beta

Question 32

Motor spindles (primary endings) and golgi tendon organs are what fiber type? (General classification)

Answer 32

A- Alpha

Question 33

Muscle spindle fibers are what sensory nerve classification?

Answer 33

IA

Question 34

Golgi tendon organs are what sensory nerve classification?

Answer 34

IB

Question 35

______: Fibers from the annulospiral endings of the muscle spindles, A- alpha

Answer 35

Group IA

Question 36

______: Fibers from the Golgi Tendon organs, A- Aphla

Answer 36

Group IB

Question 37

______ : Fibers from the most discrete cutaneous tactile receptors and from the flower-spray endings of the muscle spindles, Beta and Gama type A

Answer 37

Group II

Question 38

_____ : Fibers carrying temperature, crude touch, and pricking pain sensations, A- Gama

Answer 38

Group III

Question 39

_______ : Unmyelinated fibers carrying pain, itch, temperature and crude touch sensations, type C fibers

Answer 39

Group IV

Question 40

Stopped @ Spatial Summation and the second voice recording