Lecture 4: Nervous System Flashcards
Mechanoreceptive somatic senses are responsible for ____ and ______
Tactile and postition
Somatic senses are stimulated by ______
mechanical displacement of the tissue of the body
***Where/How is the osmolality of body fluids measured? Name the chemoreceptors.
By the neurons in or near the supraoptic nuclei in the hypothalamus
Name some chemoreceptors:
Taste buds, olfactory epithelium receptors, receptors of the aortic and carotid bodies, neurons that detect osmolality, CO2 concentration, Blood Glucose, AAs and Fatty Acids
______ are the chemoreceptors that detect smells in the nose
Olfactory epithelium receptors
_______ are the chemoreceptors that detect the oxygen level in the arterial blood
Receptors of the aortic and carotid bodies
Name the chemoreceptor that detects CO2 concentration
Receptors in/on the surface of medulla
in aortic and carotid bodies
The majority of homeostasis “checklist items” are constantly being checked by what part of the brain?
hypothalamus
What do thermoreceptors detect?
changes in temperature
What kind of receptors detect changes in light on the retina?
Electromagnetic receptors
What is the labeled line principle?
that each nerve tract terminates at a specific point in the CNS which gives rise to specific sensation, each only transmits one type of sensation
Pacinian Corpuscle transmits what kind of sensation?
vibration and pressure
What is adaptation?
When continuous stimulus is applied the body quickly adjusts to the feeling and stops transmitting the sensation
Hair receptors adapt slow or fast?
very fast, about 1 second
Joint capsules and muscles adapt slow or fast?
Slow, never completely phase out
Carotid and aortic baroreceptors adapt slow or fast?
very slow, up to 2 days
Some _____ and ______ receptors may never completely adapt
Chemoreceptors and pain receptors
Pacinian adapt slow or fast? What do they detect?
Very fast, sudden pressure or vibration on the skin
______ transmits impulses to the brain as long as the stimulus is present
tonic receptors
_____ transmits impulses only when the stimulus strength changes
Phasic receptors
Name some examples of tonic receptors
Muscle spindles, GTO, Pain receptors, Chemoreceptors, baroreceptors
______ react strongly while a change is taking place
Phasic receptors
Name an example of a phasic receptors
Pacinian corpuscle
Name the 4 categories that A is subdivided into:
Alpha, Beta, Gama, Delta
______ is large and medium-sized myelinated fibers of spinal nerves
Class A
_____ are unmyelinated fibers that conduct impulses at low velocities
Class C
Are larger nerve fibers faster or slower?
Faster
Aching Pain and temperature are what class?
C
Sympathetic motor is what class?
C
Annulospiral endings are what fiber type?
A- Alpha
Flower spray endings are what fiber type? (General classification)
A- Beta
Motor spindles (primary endings) and golgi tendon organs are what fiber type? (General classification)
A- Alpha
Muscle spindle fibers are what sensory nerve classification?
IA
Golgi tendon organs are what sensory nerve classification?
IB
______: Fibers from the annulospiral endings of the muscle spindles, A- alpha
Group IA
______: Fibers from the Golgi Tendon organs, A- Aphla
Group IB
______ : Fibers from the most discrete cutaneous tactile receptors and from the flower-spray endings of the muscle spindles, Beta and Gama type A
Group II
_____ : Fibers carrying temperature, crude touch, and pricking pain sensations, A- Gama
Group III
_______ : Unmyelinated fibers carrying pain, itch, temperature and crude touch sensations, type C fibers
Group IV
Stopped @ Spatial Summation and the second voice recording
