Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

JKC Med Phys Spring '24 > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

normal partial pressure is ___

A

140

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

_____ is needed on the skeletal in order to prevent calcium from leaving the bones

A

Pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define angiogenesis

A

the ability of the body to create new blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Normal blood glucose

A

85

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

_____ is the most important thing that needs to be normal

A

Blood sugar level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When a person is not eating the ____ will take glucose, (glycogen) break them down and dump them in the blood

A

Liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

After the glucose is gone, the liver will take ______ and convert them into glucose

A

Proteins in your muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

After all the glucose and proteins in your muscles are gone, your body will take _____ and convert it into glucose for the brain

A

Albumin from the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

RBC are responsible for ____

A

gas transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

______ cells are responsible for hormone and enzyme production

A

pancreatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The differentiation between the cells is due to ….

A

DNA expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The extracellular fluid is composed of….

A

Plasma, capillary membrane and interstitial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name 3 properties of the extracellular fluid.

A
  1. In constant motion
  2. Responsible for circulating blood
  3. Diffusion to tissues through capillary walls
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cell can only function if….

A

the internal environment is correct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Capillary is ____ cell thick

A

one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

**Cells are very _____ to capillaries

A

Close

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Wall of capillaries are permeable to most molecules except ______

A

plasma proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

**_____ is the only thing your brain can use for energy

A

glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

This is an example of ____

A

simple diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

_____ is the on thing the body can use for energy

A

ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Nutrients in the extracellular fluid is coming from where?

A

Lungs- breathing
GI Tract- digestion
Liver- enzymes
Musculoskeletal system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

**What does the musculoskeletal system have to do with nutrients in the extracellular fluid?

A

Human must go get there food, used to be hunter/gatherers aka movement is needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Organs need to removal products from the body.

A

Lungs- breath out CO2
Kidneys- urine
GI Tract- fecal material
Liver- make things water soluble so the kidney can excrete them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Once the oxygen is used up, how is the oxygen eliminated from the body?

A

Water via the electron transport chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
How do you eliminate carbon from the body once it has been used up?
CO2 via exhaling
24
6CO2 + 6H20 is the equation for
photosynthesis
25
What is the respiration equation?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water
26
How do you eliminate nitrogen from the body?
Urea via urination
27
Where does the energy live in the molecule?
in the covalent bond
28
_____ in your body is responsible for breaking the covalent bonds
Enzymes
29
Give 4 examples of negative feedback systems.
-CNS - Sensory - Motor - Autonomic - Hormone systems
30
____ is used to pump things against the concentration gradient
ATP
31
Define hyponutriema
low sodium, usually due to excessive water intake- especially in elderly people
32
Standard sodium : Extracellular vs Intracellular
142 vs 10
33
Standard potassium : Extracellular vs Intracellular
4 vs 140
34
Standard Bicarbonate : Extracellular vs Intracellular
28 vs 10
35
Standard Glucose : Extracellular vs Intracellular
85 vs 0-20
36
_____ causes the smooth muscles to relax and it causes increased blood flow to that area
Nitric oxide
37
Normal value of Oxygen
100
38
Normal value of Carbon Dioxide
40
39
Normal value of Glucose
85
40
Normal value for Body Temperature
98.4 (98-98.8)
41
Normal value for pH
7.4 (7.3- 7.5)
42
What kind of feedback mechanism is this? Describe how it works
Negative. Probe in hypothalamus detects a problem (sensor), Sensor sends information to hypothalamus (Central Comparator), Central comparator compares information to the set point, Output to an effector organ to correct the problem. Correct the error
43
Describe what is happening here.
Positive feedback. Response to the change is to exacerbate the change, aka make it worse
44
Example of a positive feedback mechanism
Childbirth and ruptured blood vessels
45
What are the 4 basic types of tissues
Epithelial Connective Muscular Nervous
46
Epithelial tissues covers what 3 surface structures
1. Digestive 2. Vessels 3. Body cavities
47
Epithelial tissue secrets an _______ on the opposite side their free surface to help attached the epithelial cells to the _______
Extracellular material, underlying tissue (basement membrane)
48
What is the blue box pointing to?
Capillary basement membrane
49
What is the red box pointing to?
Epithelial basement membrane
50
Name 3 types of Epithelial Cell shapes. Give examples of each
1. Squamous- Lining of blood and lymph vessels, Alveoli 2. Cuboidal- Glands, Terminal bronchioles of lungs, Kidney Tubules 3. Columnar- Uterus, Stomach, Intestines, Gallbladder, Bile Ducts
51
Give 3 examples of Extracellular matrix types
1. Protein fibers 2. Ground substances consisting of non-fibrous protein 3. Fluid
52
Give 2 types of protein fibers
Collagen and Elastin
53
Give 2 characteristics of Ground substances consisting of non-fibrous protein
Long, unbranched polysaccharide chain (proteoglycan) Very slippery to fluids- good lubricant for joint cavities
54
Give an example of Fluid
Blood- the matrix between the cells is liquid Unique in that most of the matrix (plasma) is produced by other tissues
55
What are the 3 types of muscles groups. Give broad examples
1. Striated voluntary (skeletal muscle) 2. Striated involuntary (cardiac muscle) 3. Non-striated involuntary (Smooth)
56
Basic unit of nervous tissue is called _____
Neuron
57
Neuron is made up of what 3 things
Cell body, dendrites and axon
58
What 4 things are neuroglia responsible for
1. Support cells of the: Brain, Spinal cord and Peripheral nerves 2. Nourish 3. Protect 4. Insulate
59
Rough endoplasmic reticulum is home to the _____
Ribosomes
60
What is the job of the ribosomes.
To synthesize proteins
61
Carbohydrates are stored in what 2 places
Muscles and liver glycogen
62
Proteins that make channels to help facilitate active transport are found ___
on the membrane of cells to create carriers and recognition of enzymes
63
Glucose gets broken down into #2 - a 3 carbon molecule called _____
pyruvate
64
Where does the Pyruvate go?
Into the Krebs cycle
65
Pyruvate turns into....
Latic acid
66
In anaerobic glycolysis, glucose is turned into what?
Latic acid
67
Why does latic acid hurts?
H ions in the latic acid stimulates the free nerve endings in your muscles and it is painful
68
H ions in latic acid cause the actin and myosin in your muscles to change shape. This leads to _____
fatigue
69
The production of latic acid allows what
The next glucose atom to come in, which allows ATP to be produced
70
What does the Krebs cycle do?
Takes the carbons and produces carbon dioxide, produces NADH and FADH, breaks the bonds
71
Where is the Krebs cycle happen?
inside the mitochondrian
72
The NADH and FADH produced from the Krebs cycle go where?
To the electron transport chain
73
What is the NAD used for?
Goes back to the Krebs cycle to pick up another H to take to the Electron Transport chain
74
If you did not have NADH turning into NAD, what would the Krebs cycle do?
The Krebs cycle would stop and the pyruvate would turn to latic acid
75
How do you get rid of the electrons in the Hydrogens?
Take the hydrogens and add oxygen, so they can be excreted as water

JKC Med Phys Spring '24 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions